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    • Global Carbon Budget 2023 

      Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W.; Andrew, Robbie M.; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Hauck, Judith; Landschutzer, Peter; Le Quéré, Corinne; Luijkx, Ingrid T.; Peters, Glen Philip; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Schwingshackl, Clemens; Sitch, Stephen; Canadell, Josep G; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B; Alin, Simone R.; Anthoni, Peter; Barbero, Leticia; Bates, Nicholas R.; Becker, Meike (Journal article, 2023)
      Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon ...

    • Global CO2 uptake by cement from 1930 to 2019 

      Guo, Rui; Wang, Jiaoyue; Bing, Longfei; Tong, Dan; Ciais, Philippe; Davis, Steven J.; Andrew, Robbie; Xi, Fengming; Liu, Zhu (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Because of the alkaline nature and high calcium content of cements in general, they serve as a CO2- absorbing agent through carbonation processes, resembling silicate weathering in nature. This carbon uptake capacity of ...

    • Global Economic Responses to Heat Stress Impacts on Worker Productivity in Crop Production 

      Orlov, Anton; Daloz, Anne Sophie; Sillmann, Jana; Thiery, Wim; Douzal, Clara; Lejeune, Quentin; Schleussner, Carl (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The impacts of climate change on the food system are a key concern for societies and policy makers globally. Assessments of the biophysical impacts of crop productivity show modest but uncertain impacts. But crop growth ...

    • Global fossil carbon emissions rebound near pre-COVID-19 levels 

      Jackson, R.B.; Friedlingstein, P.; Le Quéré, Quere; Abernethy, S.; Andrew, Robbie; Canadell, J.G.; Ciais, P.; Davis, S.J.; Deng, Zhu; Liu, Zhu; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Peters, Glen Philip (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Fossil CO2 emissions in 2021 grew an estimated 4.2% (3.5%–4.8%) to 36.2 billion metric tons compared with 2020, pushing global emissions back close to 2019 levels (36.7 Gt CO2).

    • Global high-resolution growth projections dataset for rooftop area consistent with the shared socioeconomic pathways, 2020–2050 

      Joshi, Siddharth; Zakeri, Behnam; Mittal, Shivika; Mastrucci, Alessio; Holloway, Paul; Krey, Volker; Shukla, Priyadarsh Ramprasad; O'Gallachoir, Brian; Glynn, James (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      Assessment of current and future growth in the global rooftop area is important for understanding and planning for a robust and sustainable decentralised energy system. These estimates are also important for urban planning ...

    • The global methane budget 2000-2017 

      Saunois, Marielle; Stavert, Ann R.; Poulter, Ben; Bousquet, Philippe; Canadell, Josep G.; Jackson, Robert B.; Raymond, Peter A.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Houweling, Sander; Patra, Prabir K.; Ciais, Philippe; Arora, Vivek K.; Bastviken, David; Bergamaschi, Peter; Blake, Donald R.; Brailsford, Gordon; Bruhwiler, Lori; Carlson, Kimberly M.; Carrol, Mark; Castaldi, Simona; Chandra, Naveen; Crevoisier, Cyril; Crill, Patrick M.; Covey, Kristofer; Curry, Charles L.; Etiope, Giuseppe; Frankenberg, Christian; Gedney, Nicola; Hegglin, Michaela I.; Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena; Hugelius, Gustaf; Ishizawa, Misa; Ito, Akihiko; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Jensen, Katherine M.; Joos, Fortunat; Kleinen, Thomas; Krummel, Paul B.; Langenfelds, Ray L.; Laruelle, Goulven G.; Liu, Licheng; Machida, Toshinobu; Maksyutov, Shamil; McDonald, Kyle C.; McNorton, Joe; Miller, Paul A.; Melton, Joe R.; Morino, Isamu; Müller, Jurek; Murguia-Flores, Fabiola; Naik, Vaishali; Niwa, Yosuke; Noce, Sergio; O'Doherty, Simon; Parker, Robert J.; Peng, Changhui; Peng, Shushi; Peters, Glen Philip; Prigent, Catherine; Prinn, Ronald G.; Ramonet, Michel; Regnier, Pierre; Riley, William J.; Rosentreter, Judith A.; Segers, Arjo; Simpson, Isobel J.; Shi, Hao; Smith, Steven J.; Steele, L. Paul; Thornton, Brett F.; Tian, Hanqin; Tohjima, Yasunori; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Tsuruta, Aki; Viovy, Nicolas; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Weber, Thomas S.; Van Weele, Michiel; Van Der Werf, Guido R.; Weiss, Ray F.; Worthy, Doug; Wunch, Debra; Yin, Yi; Yoshida, Yukio; Zhang, Wenxin; Zhang, Zhen; Zhao, Yuanhong; Zheng, Bo; Zhu, Qing; Zhu, Qiuan; Zhuang, Qianlai (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of CH4 continue to increase, making CH4 the ...

    • A global model–measurement evaluation of particle light scattering coefficients at elevated relative humidity, 

      Burgos, María A.; Andrews, Elisabeth; Titos, Gloria; Benedetti, Angela; Bian, Huisheng; Buchard, Virginie; Curci, Gabriele; Kipling, Zak; Kirkevåg, Alf; Kokkola, Harri; Laakso, Anton; Letertre-Danczak, Julie; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Matsui, Hitoshi; Myhre, Gunnar; Randles, Cynthia; Schulz, Michael; Noije, Twan van; Zhang, Kai; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Baltensperger, Urs; Jefferson, Anne; Sherman, James; Sun, Junying; Weingartner, Ernest; Zieger, Paul (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      The uptake of water by atmospheric aerosols has a pronounced effect on particle light scattering properties, which in turn are strongly dependent on the ambient relative humidity (RH). Earth system models need to account ...

    • Global nitrous oxide budget (1980–2020) 

      Tian, Hanqin; Pan, Naiqing; Thompson, Rona Louise; Canadell, Josep G.; Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Regnier, Pierre; Davidson, Eric A.; Prather, Michael; Ciais, Philippe; Muntean, Marilena; Pan, Shufen; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Zaehle, Sonke; Zhou, Feng; Jackson, Robert B.; Bange, Hermann W.; Berthet, Sarah; Bian, Zihao; Bianchi, Daniele; Bouwman, Alexander F.; Buitenhuis, Erik T.; Dutton, Geoffrey; Hu, Minpeng; Ito, Akihiko; Jain, Atul K.; Jeltsch-Thömmes, Aurich; Joos, Fortunat; Kou-Giesbrecht, Sian; Krummel, Paul B.; Lan, Xin; Landolfi, Angela; Lauerwald, Ronny; Li, Ya; Lu, Chaoqun; Maavara, Taylor; Manizza, Manfredi; Millet, Dylan B.; Mühle, Jens; Patra, Prabir K.; Peters, Glen Philip; Qin, Xiaoyu; Raymond, Peter; Resplandy, Laure; Rosentreter, Judith A.; Shi, Hao; Sun, Qing; Tonina, Daniele; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Van Der Werf, Guido R.; Vuichard, Nicolas; Wang, Junjie; Wells, Kelley C.; Western, Luke M.; Wilson, Chris; Yang, Jia; Yao, Yuanzhi; You, Yongfa; Zhu, Qing (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance that has been accumulating in the atmosphere since the preindustrial period. The mole fraction of atmospheric N2O has ...

    • Global patterns of daily CO2 emissions reductions in the first year of COVID-19 

      Liu, Zhu; Deng, Zhu; Zhu, Biqing; Ciais, Philippe; Davis, Steven J.; Tan, Jianguang; Andrew, Robbie; Boucher, Olivier; Arous, Simon Ben; Canadell, Josep G.; Dou, Xinyu; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Gentine, Pierre; Guo, Rui; Hong, Chaopeng; Jackson, Robert B.; Kammen, Daniel M.; Ke, Piyu; Le Quéré, Corinne; Monica, Crippa; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Peters, Glen Philip; Tanaka, Katsumasa; Wang, Yilong; Zheng, Bo; Zhong, Haiwang; Sun, Taochun; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Day-to-day changes in CO2 emissions from human activities, in particular fossil-fuel combustion and cement production, reflect a complex balance of influences from seasonality, working days, weather and, most recently, the ...

    • Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change 

      Silva, Raquel A.; West, J. Jason; Zhang, Yuqiang; Anenberg, Susan C.; Lamarque, Jean-François; Shindell, Drew T.; Collins, William J.; Dalsøren, Stig Bjørløw; Faluvegi, Greg; Folberth, Gerd; Horowitz, Larry W.; Nagashima, Tatasuya; Naik, Vaishali; Rumbold, Steven; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Sudo, Kengo; Takemura, Toshihiko; Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, Philip; Cionni, Irene; Doherty, Ruth M.; Eyring, Veronika; Josse, Béatrice; MacKenzie, Ian A.; Plummer, David; Righi, Mattia; Stevenson, David S.; Strode, Sarah; Szopa, Sophie; Zeng, Guang (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)

    • A global review of the state of the evidence of household air pollution's contribution to ambient fine particulate matter and their related health impacts 

      Chowdhury, Sourangsu; Pillarisetti, Ajay; Oberholzer, Alicia; Jetter, James; Mitchell, John; Cappuccilli, Eva; Aamaas, Borgar; Aunan, Kristin; Pozzer, Andrea; Alexander, Donee (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Direct exposure to household fine particulate air pollution (HAP) associated with inefficient combustion of fuels (wood, charcoal, coal, crop residues, kerosene, etc.) for cooking, space-heating, and lighting is estimated ...

    • Globalization of the automobile industry in China: Dynamics and barriers in the greening of road transportation 

      Gan, Lin (2001:09, Working paper, 2001)
      This article describes the state of the automobile industry and urban road transportation management in China. It reviews how the automobile industry is evolving to respond to challenges in economic development, environmental ...

    • Governing as valuing: Assetization and the making of the Norwegian oil fund 

      Asdal, Kristin; Lahn, Bård (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      Recent scholarship has highlighted ‘assetization’ as an increasingly prevalent process in which valuation practices from financial economics are imposed on new aspects of society. This paper analyses the establishment of ...

    • GRACE model and applications 

      Aaheim, H. Asbjørn; Orlov, Anton; Wei, Taoyuan; Glomsrød, Solveig (2018:01, Research report, 2018-01-29)
      This report is a documentation of the GRACE model. GRACE is a computable general equilibrium model aimed at supporting studies of the global consequences of human activities that affect the drivers of climate change. The ...

    • Gratiskvoter til industrien - ikke så enkelt 

      Holtsmark, Bjart (1999:06, Working paper, 1999)
      Stortinget ønsker et norsk marked for omsettelige utslippskvoter for klimagasser og et offentlig utvalg (Kvoteutvalget) utreder mulighetene for å etablere et marked. Et vanskelig tema er gratiskvoter som virkemiddel for å ...

    • Green Bonds and Environmental Integrity: Insights from CICERO Second Opinions 

      Clapp, Christa; Alfsen, Knut H.; Lund, Harald Francke; Pillay, Kamleshan (2016:01, Working paper, 2016)
      This policy note shares insights from CICERO's experience in producing over 60 second opinions. Insights on the environmental integrity of green bonds include: 1) Management that is aligned for climate risk can give greater ...

    • Green electricity investment timing in practice: Real options or net present value? 

      Fleten, Stein-Erik; Linnerud, Kristin; Molnar, Peter; Nygård, Maria Tandberg (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      Using data from 214 hydropower projects in Norway we study whether investors in renewable energy projects exert discretion about the timing of investment decisions. We know from interviews with these investors that they ...

    • Green Electricity Market Development in the United States: Policy Analysis and Case Studies 

      Menz, Fredric C. (2004:02, Working paper, 2004)
      This paper reviews green electricity development in the United States, focusing on policies that have been enacted to promote green electricity. Green power is a term that refers to electricity generated from particular ...

    • Green Electricity Market Development: Lessons from Europe and the U.S. and Implications for Norway 

      Gan, Lin; Eskeland, Gunnar S.; Kolshus, Hans H.; Birkeland, Harald; van Rooijen, Sascha; van Wees, Mark (2005:03, Research report, 2005)
      Various approaches to promoting green electricity were analyzed through the cases of Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United States. How has green electricity market penetration evolved, and what were the main ...

    • Green electricity policy in the Netherlands: An analysis of policy decisions 

      van Rooijen, Sascha; van Wees, Mark (2003:08, Working paper, 2003)
      Over the last decades, fundamental changes in both market conditions and the national and international policy framework in the Netherlands can be observed. The Dutch Government has intervened in markets regularly, ...