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    • From confrontation to cooperation. A developed country perspective on the role of developing countries' contribution to technology development and transfer 

      Alfsen, Knut H.; Innbjør, Linda; Vennemo, Haakon (2009:07, Research report, 2009)

    • From Hazard to Risk 

      Sillmann, Jana; Russo, Simone; Sippel, Sebastian; Alnes, Kristina (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)

    • From non-market support to cost-competitive incentives: Wind energy commercialization in China 

      Gan, Lin; Shuhua, Gu; Wenqiang, Liu; Xiliang, Zhang (2000:03, Working paper, 2000)
      This paper presents an overview of the development of wind energy in China. By examining the economics of windfarm development, it compares the economics of wind technology with other conventional energy technologies and ...

    • From small to insignificant: Climate impact of the Kyoto Protocol with and without the US 

      Hagem, Cathrine; Holtsmark, Bjart (2001:01, Working paper, 2001)
      American president George W. Bush has declared that he will not ask the Senate to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. This commentary explores the potential impact of implementing the Kyoto Protocol without the participation of the ...

    • From taxes to permits? The Norwegian climate policy debate 

      Froyn, Camilla Bretteville; Bang, Guri (2000:06, Research report, 2000)
      Taxation as an instrument for environmental policy (green taxes) has been a topic of heated debate in Norway for almost 30 years. The subject of environmental taxes has time after time inflamed both policymakers and scholars ...

    • From the Kyoto Protocol to the fossil fuel market: A model analysis 

      Holtsmark, Bjart (1998:09, Working paper, 1998)
      Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol will change the energy markets. The resulting price shifts will represent important terms-of-trade changes. The paper explores how the different countries’ relationship to the fossil ...

    • Fuel substitution in Amazonia: Feasibility study to investigate future options for Joint Implementation projects between Brazil and Norway 

      Moreira, José Roberto; Corrêa, Francisco; Kasa, Sjur; Selrod, Rolf; Torvanger, Asbjørn (1995:01, Research report, 1995)
      The motives behind this study, financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is to increase our experience and knowledge of possible future Joint Implementation projects. The study demonstrates some opportunities ...

    • Future changes in atmospheric rivers and Extreme precipitation in Norway 

      Whan, Kirien; Sillmann, Jana; Schaller, Nathalie; Haarsma, Reindert J. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Flooding events associated with extreme precipitation have had large impacts in Norway. It is well known that these Heavy precipitation events afecting Norway (and other parts of Europe) are strongly associated with ...

    • Future narratives for two locations in the Barents region 

      Oort, Bob van; Bjørkan, Maiken; Klyuchnikova, Elena M (2015:06, Research report, 2015)
      What does the future look like from the perspective of municipalities in various locations in the Barents region? What climatic, social and environmental challenges might there be, and how might local people respond? This ...

    • A future perspective of historical contributions to climate change 

      Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Peters, Glen Philip; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Andrew, Robbie (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Countries’ historical contributions to climate change have been on the agenda for more than two decades and will most likely continue to be an element in future international discussions and negotiations on climate. Previous ...

    • Future urban heat island influence on precipitation 

      Steensen, Birthe Marie Rødssæteren; Marelle-Sebrechts, Louis; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Myhre, Gunnar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Urbanization and global warming are two of the major human impacts on the environment. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect can change precipitation patterns. Global warming also leads to changes in precipitation and especially ...

    • Føre var-prinsippet som rasjonelt beslutningskriterium 

      Hovi, Jon (2001:13, Working paper, 2001)
      Notatet spør om føre var-prinsippet kan betraktes som et rasjonelt beslutningskriterium. Forfatteren fokuserer på i alt seks uavklarte spørsmål: 1. Representerer prinsippet et bestemt sett av politiske handlingsalternativer, ...

    • Fører elektrifisering av plattformer på norsk sokkel til reduserte CO2-utslepp? 

      Torvanger, Asbjørn; Ericson, Torgeir (2013:03, Research report, 2013)
      I denne rapporten undersøker vi om drift av ei plattform på norsk sokkel via landstraum - elektrifisering - fører til lågare utslepp av CO2 enn tradisjonell drift via gassturbinar på plattforma. Resultata vil avhenge av ...

    • Geopolitiske virkninger av lavutslippssamfunnet 

      Aamodt, Solveig; Aakre, Stine; Gullberg, Anne Therese; Bang, Guri; Aaheim, H. Asbjørn; Glomsrød, Solveig; Westskog, Hege; Underdal, Arild (2015:03, Research report, 2015)
      I denne rapporten presenteres hovedfunn fra ny forskning som belyser geopolitiske virkninger av overgangen til lavutslippssamfunnet og hvilke konsekvenser denne utviklingen har for Norge. Det vektlegges at en ny global ...

    • Global and regional radiative forcing from 20 % reductions in BC, OC and SO4 - An HTAP2 multi-model study 

      Stjern, Camilla Weum; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Myhre, Gunnar; Bian, Huisheng; Chin, Mian; Davila, Yanko; Dentener, Frank; Emmons, Louisa; Flemming, Johannes; Haslerud, Amund Søvde; Henze, Daven; Jonson, Jan Eiof; Kucsera, Tom; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Schulz, Michael; Sudo, Kengo; Takemura, Toshihiko; Tilmes, Simone (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      In the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 (HTAP2) exercise, a range of global atmospheric general circulation and chemical transport models performed coordinated perturbation experiments with 20 % reductions ...

    • Global and regional trends of atmospheric sulfur 

      Aas, Wenche; Mortier, Augustin; Bowersox, Van C.; Cherian, Ribu; Faluvegi, Greg; Fagerli, Hilde; Hand, Jenny; Klimont, Zbigniew; Galy-Lacaux, Corinne; Lehmann, Christopher M. B.; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Myhre, Gunnar; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Sato, Keiichi; Quaas, Johannes; Rao, P.S.P.; Schulz, Michael; Shindell, Drew; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Stein, Ariel; Takemura, Toshihiko; Tsyro, Svetlana; Vet, Robert; Xu, Xiaobin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      The profound changes in global SO2 emissions over the last decades have affected atmospheric composition on a regional and global scale with large impact on air quality, atmospheric deposition and the radiative forcing of ...

    • Global Carbon Budget 2016 

      Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie; Canadell, Josep G.; Sitch, Stephen; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Peters, Glen Philip; Manning, Andrew C; Boden, Thomas A; Tans, Pieter P; Houghton, Richard A; Keeling, Ralph F; Alin, Simone; Andrews, Oliver D; Anthoni, Peter; Barbero, Leticia; Bopp, Laurent; Chevallier, Frederic; Chini, Louise P; Ciais, Philippe; Currie, Kim; Delire, Christine; Doney, Scott C; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Harris, Ian; Hauck, Judith; Haverd, Vanessa; Hoppema, Mario; Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Jain, Atul K; Kato, Etsushi; Körtzinger, Arne; Landschutzer, Peter; Lefevre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lienert, Sebastian; Lombardozzi, Danica; Melton, Joe R; Metzl, Nicolas; Millero, Frank; Monteiro, Pedro M S; Munro, David R; Nabel, Julia E M S; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; O'Brien, Kevin; Olsen, Are; Omar, Abdirahman; Pierrot, Denis; Ono, Tsuneo; Poulter, Benjamin; Rödenbeck, Christian; Salisbury, Joe; Schuster, Ute; Schwinger, Jörg; Seferian, Roland; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Stocker, Benjamin D; Sutton, Adrienne J; Takahashi, Taro; Tian, Hanqin; Tilbrook, Bronte; Van Der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T; Van Der Werf, Guido R; Viovy, Nicolas; Walker, Anthony P; Wiltshire, Andrew J; Zaehle, Sönke (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global ...

    • Global carbon budget 2019 

      Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; O'Sullivan, Michael; Andrew, Robbie; Hauck, Judith; Peters, Glen Philip; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen; Le Quéré, Corinne; Bakker, Dorothée C.E.; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Anthoni, Peter; Barbero, Leticia; Bastos, Ana; Bastrikov, Vladislav; Becker, Meike; Bopp, Laurent; Buitenhuis, Erik; Chandra, Naveen; Chevallier, Frédéric; Chini, Louise P.; Currie, Kim I.; Feely, Richard A.; Gehlen, Marion; Gilfillan, Dennis; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Goll, Daniel S.; Gruber, Nicolas; Gutekunst, Sören; Harris, Ian; Haverd, Vanessa; Houghton, Richard A.; Hurtt, George; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jain, Atul K.; Joetzjer, Emilie; Kaplan, Jed O.; Kato, Etsushi; Goldewijk, Kees Klein; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Landschutzer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv Kari; Lefevre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lienert, Sebastian; Lombardozzi, Danica; Marland, Gregg; McGuire, Patrick C.; Melton, Joe R.; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David R.; Nabel, Julia E.M.S.; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Neill, Craig; Omar, Abdirahman; Ono, Tsuneo; Peregon, Anna; Pierrot, Denis; Poulter, Benjamin; Rehder, Gregor; Resplandy, Laure; Robertson, Eddy; Rödenbeck, Christian; Séférian, Roland; Schwinger, Jörg; Smith, Naomi; Tans, Pieter P.; Tian, Hanqin; Tilbrook, Bronte; Tubiello, Francesco N.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Wiltshire, Andrew J.; Zaehle, Sönke (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global ...

    • Global Carbon Budget 2020 

      Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W.; Andrew, Robbie; Hauck, Judith; Olsen, Are; Peters, Glen Philip; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen; Le Quéré, Corinne; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Alin, Simone; Aragão, Luiz E.O.C.; Arneth, Almut; Arora, Vivek K.; Bates, Nicholas R.; Becker, Meike; Benoit-Cattin, Alice; Bittig, Henry C.; Bopp, Laurent; Bultan, Selma; Chandra, Naveen; Chevallier, Frédéric; Chini, Louise P.; Evans, Wiley; Florentie, Liesbeth; Forster, Piers M.; Gasser, Thomas; Gehlen, Marion; Gilfillan, Dennis; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Gregor, Luke; Gruber, Nicolas; Harris, Ian; Hartung, Kerstin; Haverd, Vanessa; Houghton, Richard A.; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jain, Atul K.; Joetzjer, Emilie; Kadono, Koji; Kato, Etsushi; Kitidis, Vassilis; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Landschützer, Peter; Lefevre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lienert, Sebastian; Liu, Zhu; Lombardozzi, Danica; Marland, Gregg; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David; Nabel, Julia E.M.S.; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Niwa, Yosuke; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Ono, Tsuneo; Palmer, Paul I.; Pierrot, Denis; Poulter, Ben; Resplandy, Laure; Robertson, Eddy; Rödenbeck, Christian; Schwinger, Jörg; Séférian, Roland; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Smith, Adam J.P.; Sutton, Adrienne; Tanhua, Toste; Tans, Pieter P.; Tian, Hanqin; Tilbrook, Bronte; Van Der Werf, Guido; Vuichard, Nicolas; Walker, Anthony P.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew; Willis, David; Wiltshire, Andy; Yuan, Wenping; Yue, Xu; Zaehle, Sönke (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better ...

    • Global Carbon Budget 2021 

      Friedlingstein, P.; Jones, Matthew W.; O'Sullivan, Michael; Andrew, Robbie; Bakker, Dorothee C.E.; Hauck, Judith; Le Quéré, Corinne; Peters, Glen Philip; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen; Canadell, Josep G; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Alin, Simone R.; Anthoni, Peter; Bates, Nicholas R.; Becker, Meike; Bellouin, Nicolas; Bopp, Laurent; Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang; Chevallier, Frédéric; Chini, Louise P.; Cronin, Margot; Currie, Kim I.; Decharme, Bertrand; Djeutchouang, Laique M.; Dou, Xinyu; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A.; Feng, Liang; Gasser, Thomas; Gilfillan, Dennis; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Grassi, Giacomo; Gregor, Luke; Gruber, Nicolas; Gürses, Özgür; Harris, Ian; Houghton, Richard A.; Hurtt, George C.; Iida, Yosuke; Ilyina, Tatiana; Luijkx, Ingrid T.; Jain, Atul; Jones, Steve D.; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Lauvset, Siv Kari; Schwinger, Jörg; Zeng, Jiye (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon ...