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dc.contributor.authorStjern, Camilla Weum
dc.contributor.authorSamset, Bjørn Hallvard
dc.contributor.authorMyhre, Gunnar
dc.contributor.authorBian, Huisheng
dc.contributor.authorChin, Mian
dc.contributor.authorDavila, Yanko
dc.contributor.authorDentener, Frank
dc.contributor.authorEmmons, Louisa
dc.contributor.authorFlemming, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorHaslerud, Amund Søvde
dc.contributor.authorHenze, Daven
dc.contributor.authorJonson, Jan Eiof
dc.contributor.authorKucsera, Tom
dc.contributor.authorLund, Marianne Tronstad
dc.contributor.authorSchulz, Michael
dc.contributor.authorSudo, Kengo
dc.contributor.authorTakemura, Toshihiko
dc.contributor.authorTilmes, Simone
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-09T14:05:10Z
dc.date.available2017-11-09T14:05:10Z
dc.date.created2016-12-16T19:19:30Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.citationAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016, 16 (21), 13579-13599.
dc.identifier.issn1680-7316
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2465327
dc.description.abstractIn the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 (HTAP2) exercise, a range of global atmospheric general circulation and chemical transport models performed coordinated perturbation experiments with 20 % reductions in emissions of anthropogenic aerosols, or aerosol precursors, in a number of source regions. Here, we compare the resulting changes in the atmospheric load and vertically resolved profiles of black carbon (BC), organic aerosols (OA) and sulfate (SO4) from 10 models that include treatment of aerosols. We use a set of temporally, horizontally and vertically resolved profiles of aerosol forcing efficiency (AFE) to estimate the impact of emission changes in six major source regions on global radiative forcing (RF) pertaining to the direct aerosol effect, finding values between. 51.9 and 210.8 mW m−2 Tg−1 for BC, between −2.4 and −17.9 mW m−2 Tg−1 for OA and between −3.6 and −10.3 W m−2 Tg−1 for SO4. In most cases, the local influence dominates, but results show that mitigations in south and east Asia have substantial impacts on the radiative budget in all investigated receptor regions, especially for BC. In Russia and the Middle East, more than 80 % of the forcing for BC and OA is due to extra-regional emission reductions. Similarly, for North America, BC emissions control in east Asia is found to be more important than domestic mitigations, which is consistent with previous findings. Comparing fully resolved RF calculations to RF estimates based on vertically averaged AFE profiles allows us to quantify the importance of vertical resolution to RF estimates. We find that locally in the source regions, a 20 % emission reduction strengthens the radiative forcing associated with SO4 by 25 % when including the vertical dimension, as the AFE for SO4 is strongest near the surface. Conversely, the local RF from BC weakens by 37 % since BC AFE is low close to the ground. The fraction of BC direct effect forcing attributable to intercontinental transport, on the other hand, is enhanced by one-third when accounting for the vertical aspect, because long-range transport primarily leads to aerosol changes at high altitudes, where the BC AFE is strong. While the surface temperature response may vary with the altitude of aerosol change, the analysis in the present study is not extended to estimates of temperature or precipitation changes
dc.language.isoeng
dc.titleGlobal and regional radiative forcing from 20 % reductions in BC, OC and SO4 - An HTAP2 multi-model study
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.description.versionpublishedVersion
dc.source.pagenumber13579-13599
dc.source.volume16
dc.source.journalAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics
dc.source.issue21
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/acp-16-13579-2016
dc.identifier.cristin1414335
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 229796
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 240372 (AC/BC)
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 244141 (NetBC)
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: SLAC
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 23554
dc.relation.projectNotur/NorStore: NN2890K
dc.relation.projectNotur/NorStore: NS9005K
cristin.unitcode7475,0,0,0
cristin.unitnameCICERO Senter for klimaforskning
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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