Blar i CICERO Research Archive på forfatter "Myhre, Gunnar"
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Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations
Myhre, Gunnar; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Bauer, S.; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Bian, H.; Bellouin, N.; Chin, M; Diehl, T; Easter, R. C.; Feichter, J; Ghan, SJ; Hauglustaine, D; Iversen, Trond; Kinne, S; Kirkevåg, A; Lamarque, J. F.; Lin, G; Liu, X.; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Luo, G; Ma, X; van Noije, T; Penner, JE; Rasch, P. J.; Ruiz, A.; Seland, Ø.; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Stier, P; Takemura, T.; Tsigaridis, K; Wang, P.; Wang, Z; Xu, L.; Yu, H; Yu, F.; Yoon, J.-H.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, H.; Zhou, C. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 16 models ... -
Recommendations for diagnosing effective radiative forcing from climate models for CMIP6
Forster, Piers M.; Richardson, T.; Maycock, A. C.; Smith, C. J.; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Myhre, Gunnar; Andrews, T.; Pincus, R.; Schulz, Michael (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)The usefulness of previous Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) exercises has been hampered by a lack of radiative forcing information. This has made it difficult to understand reasons for differences between model ... -
Reducing the aerosol forcing uncertainty using observational constraints on warm rain processes
Mülmenstädt, Johannes; Nam, Christine; Salzmann, Marc; Kretzschmar, Jan; L'Ecuyer, Tristan S.; Lohmann, Ulrike; Ma, Po-Lun; Myhre, Gunnar; Neubauer, David; Stier, Philip; Suzuki, Kentaroh; Wang, Minghuai; Quaas, Johannes (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)Global climate models (GCMs) disagree with other lines of evidence on the rapid adjustments of cloud cover and liquid water path to anthropogenic aerosols. Attempts to use observations to constrain the parameterizations ... -
Satellite-based evaluation of AeroCom model bias in biomass burning regions
Zhong, Qirui; Schutgens, Nick; Van Der Werf, Guido; Van Noije, Twan; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Bauer, Susanne E.; Mielonen, Tero; Kirkevåg, Alf; Seland, Øyvind; Kokkola, Harri; Checa-Garcia, Ramiro; Neubauer, David; Kipling, Zak; Matsui, Hitoshi; Ginoux, Paul; Takemura, Toshihiko; Le Sager, Philippe; Rémy, Samuel; Bian, Huisheng; Chin, Mian; Zhang, Kai; Zhu, Jialei; Tsyro, Svetlana; Curci, Gabriele; Protonotariou, Anna; Johnson, Ben; Penner, Joyce E.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Myhre, Gunnar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Global models are widely used to simulate biomass burning aerosol (BBA). Exhaustive evaluations on model representation of aerosol distributions and properties are fundamental to assess health and climate impacts of BBA. ... -
Scientific data from precipitation driver response model intercomparison project
Myhre, Gunnar; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Forster, Piers M.; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Sandstad, Marit; Mohr, Christian Wilhelm; Stjern, Camilla Weum; Sillmann, Jana; Andrews, Timothy; Boucher, Olivier; Faluvegi, Gregory; Iversen, Trond; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Kasoar, Matthew; Kirkevåg, Alf; Kramer, Ryan J.; Liu, Longbo; Mülmenstädt, Johannes; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Quaas, Johannes; Richardson, Thomas B.; Shawki, Dilshad; Shindell, Drew; Smith, Chris; Stier, Philip; Tang, Tao; Takemura, Toshihiko; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Watson-Parris, Duncan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)This data descriptor reports the main scientific values from General Circulation Models (GCMs) in the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP). The purpose of the GCM simulations has been ... -
Similar patterns of tropical precipitation and circulation changes under solar and greenhouse gas forcing
Misios, Stergios; Kasoar, Matthew; Kasoar, Elliott; Gray, Lesley; Haigh, Joanna; Stathopoulos, Stavros; Kourtidis, Konstantinos; Myhre, Gunnar; Olivié, Dirk; Shindell, Drew; Tang, Tao (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Theory and model evidence indicate a higher global hydrological sensitivity for the same amount of surface warming to solar as to greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, but regional patterns are highly uncertain due to their ... -
The Spectral Nature of Stratospheric Temperature Adjustment and its Application to Halocarbon Radiative Forcing
Shine, Keith Peter; Myhre, Gunnar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)Stratospheric temperature adjustment (STA) is often a significant component of greenhouse gas radiative forcing (RF), for both the most widely used definition of RF and effective radiative forcing. It is well established ... -
Standard climate models radiation codes underestimate black carbon radiative forcing
Myhre, Gunnar; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015)Radiative forcing (RF) of black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere is estimated using radiative transfer codes of various complexities. Here we show that the two-stream radiative transfer codes used most in climate models give ... -
The climate impacts of current black carbon and organic carbon emissions
Aamaas, Borgar; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Myhre, Gunnar; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Stjern, Camilla Weum; Kallbekken, Steffen (CICERO Report;2018:08, Research report, 2018-06-20)In Part 1, we present a summary of recent research into the climate impact of black and organic carbon. There have been many developments on the research front in recent years, and this rapid pace is expected to continue. ... -
The Time Scales of Climate Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols
Stjern, Camilla Weum; Forster, Piers M.; Jia, Hailing; Jouan, Caroline; Kasoar, Matthew R.; Myhre, Gunnar; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Quaas, Johannes; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Sand, Maria; Takemura, Toshihiro; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Wells, Christopher D. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)The climate system responds to changes in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases or aerosols through rapid processes, triggered within hours and days, and through slower processes, where the full response may only be ... -
Trends in atmospheric methane concentrations since 1990 were driven and modified by anthropogenic emissions
Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Myhre, Gunnar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)The atmospheric methane trend is not fully understood. Here we investigate the role of the main sink, the main natural source, and anthropogenic emissions on the methane growth rate over the last three decades using numerical ... -
Tropospheric ozone changes, radiative forcing and attribution to emissions in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)
Stevenson, D.S.; Young, P.J.; Naik, V.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Shindell, D.T.; Voulgarakis, A.; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Dalsøren, Stig Bjørløw; Myhre, Gunnar; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Folberth, G.A.; Rumbold, S.T.; Collins, W.J.; MacKenzie, I.A.; Doherty, R.M.; Zeng, G.; van Noije, T.P.C; Strunk, A.; Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.; Plummer, D.A.; Strode, S.A.; Horowitz, L.; Lee, Y.H.; Szopa, S.; Sudo, K.; Nagashima, T.; Josse, B.; Cionni, I.; Righi, M.; Eyring, V.; Conley, A.; Bowman, K.W.; Wild, O.; Archibald, A. T. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)Ozone (O3) from 17 atmospheric chemistry models taking part in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) has been used to calculate tropospheric ozone radiative forcings (RFs). All models ... -
Understanding model diversity in future precipitation projections for South America
Hodnebrog, Øivind; Steensen, Birthe Marie Rødssæteren; Marelle-Sebrechts, Louis; Alterskjær, Kari; Dalsøren, Stig Bjørløw; Myhre, Gunnar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Precipitation patterns are expected to change in the future climate, affecting humans through a number of factors. Global climate models (GCM) are our best tools for projecting large-scale changes in climate, but they ... -
Understanding Top-of-Atmosphere Flux Bias in the AeroCom Phase III Models: A Clear-Sky Perspective
Su, Wenying; Liang, Lusheng; Myhre, Gunnar; Thorsen, Tyler J.; Loeb, Norman G.; Schuster, Gregory L.; Ginoux, Paul; Paulot, Fabien; Neubauer, David; Checa-Garcia, Ramiro; Matsui, Hitoshi; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Takemura, Toshihiko; Bauer, Susanne E.; Schulz, Michael (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Biases in aerosol optical depths (AOD) and land surface albedos in the AeroCom models are manifested in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) clear-sky reflected shortwave (SW) fluxes. Biases in the SW fluxes from AeroCom models are ... -
Urbanization in megacities increases the frequency of extreme precipitation events far more than their intensity
Marelle-Sebrechts, Louis; Myhre, Gunnar; Steensen, Birthe Marie Rødssæteren; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Alterskjær, Kari; Sillmann, Jana (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas (UN Population Division 2018 The World's cities in 2018 (UN: New York)), which are especially vulnerable to climate extremes (Field et al 2012 Managing the Risks ... -
Very strong atmospheric methane growth in the four years 2014‐2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement
Nisbet, E. G.; Manning, M. R.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Fisher, R. E.; Lowry, D.; Michel, S. E.; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Platt, Stephen Matthew; Allen, G.; Bousquet, P.; Brownlow, R.; Cain, M.; France, J. L.; Hermansen, Ove; Hossaini, R.; Jones, A. E.; Levin, I.; Manning, A. C.; Myhre, Gunnar; Pyle, J. A.; Vaughn, B.; Warwick, N. J.; White, James W. C. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)