Now showing items 355-374 of 557

    • Modifying emissions scenario projections to account for the effects of COVID-19: Protocol for CovidMIP 

      Lamboll, Robin; Jones, Chris D.; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Fiedler, Stephanie; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Gillett, Nathan P.; Rogelj, Joeri; Forster, Piers M. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Lockdowns to avoid the spread of COVID-19 have created an unprecedented reduction in human emissions. While the country-level scale of emissions changes can be estimated in near real time, the more detailed, gridded emissions ...
    • Mortality Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution: A Review of Global Estimates 

      Pozzer, A.; Anenberg, S.C.; Dey, S.; Haines, A.; Lelieveld, J.; Chowdhury, Sourangsu (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Since the publication of the first epidemiological study to establish the connection between long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution and effects on human health, major efforts have been dedicated to estimate the ...
    • Moving small crafts and services enterprises towards green mobility practices: The role of change agents 

      Julsrud, Tom Erik; Denstadli, Jon Martin (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      The uptake of electric vans in professional enterprises has been slow, and the interest in electric mobility is low compared to that of private consumers. To understand critical barriers, resistance, motivations and drivers ...
    • Moving Towards Electrification of Workers’ Transportation: Identifying Key Motives for the Adoption of Electric Vans 

      Denstadli, Jon Martin; Julsrud, Tom Erik (Journal article, 2019)
      The large-scale diffusion of low-emission vehicles is required to increase the sustainability of the transport system. Statistics show strong and continued growth in the sales of electric and other low-emission vehicles ...
    • Much of zero emissions commitment occurs before reaching net zero emissions 

      Koven, Charles D; Sanderson, Benjamin M; Swann, Abigail L S (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      We explore the response of the Earth’s coupled climate and carbon system to an idealized sequential addition and removal of CO2 to the atmosphere, following a symmetric and continuous emissions pathway, in contrast to the ...
    • Multi-century dynamics of the climate and carbon cycle under both high and net negative emissions scenarios 

      Koven, Charles D.; Arora, Vivek K.; Cadule, Patricia; Fisher, Rosie; Jones, Chris D.; Lawrence, David M.; Lewis, Jared; Lindsay, Keith; Mathesius, Sabine; Meinshausen, Malte; Mills, Michael; Nicholls, Zebedee; Sanderson, Benjamin; Séférian, Roland; Swart, Neil C.; Wieder, William R.; Zickfeld, Kirsten (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Future climate projections from Earth system models (ESMs) typically focus on the timescale of this century. We use a set of five ESMs and one Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) to explore the dynamics ...
    • The Multi-Decadal Response to Net Zero CO<inf>2</inf> Emissions and Implications for Emissions Policy 

      Jenkins, Stuart; Sanderson, Benjamin; Peters, Glen Philip; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Allen, Myles (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      How confident are we that CO2 emissions must reach net zero or below to halt CO2-induced warming? The IPCC's sixth assessment report concluded that “limiting human-induced global warming to a specific level requires … ...
    • A multi-model analysis of long-term emissions and warming implications of current mitigation efforts 

      Sognnæs, Ida Andrea Braathen; Gambhir, Ajay; van de Ven, Dirk-Jan; Nikas, Alexandros; Anger-Kraavi, Annela; Bui, Ha; Campagnolo, Lorenza; Delpiazzo, Elisa; Doukas, Haris; Giarola, Sara; Grant, Neil; Hawkes, Adam; Köberle, Alexandre C.; Kolpakov, Andrey; Mittal, Shivika; Moreno, Jorge; Perdana, Sigit; Rogelj, Joeri; Vielle, Marc; Peters, Glen Philip (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Most of the integrated assessment modelling literature focuses on cost-effective pathways towards given temperature goals. Conversely, using seven diverse integrated assessment models, we project global energy CO2 emissions ...
    • A multi-model assessment of the Global Warming Potential of hydrogen 

      Sand, Maria; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Sandstad, Marit; Krishnan, Srinath; Myhre, Gunnar; Bryant, Hannah; Derwent, Richard; Hauglustaine, Didier; Paulot, Fabien; Prather, Michael; Stevenson, David (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      With increasing global interest in molecular hydrogen to replace fossil fuels, more attention is being paid to potential leakages of hydrogen into the atmosphere and its environmental consequences. Hydrogen is not directly ...
    • Multi-model effective radiative forcing of the 2020 sulfur cap for shipping 

      Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Byrom, Rachael; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Jouan, Caroline; Myhre, Gunnar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      New regulations of sulfur emissions from shipping were introduced in 2020, reducing emissions of SO2 from international shipping by ∼ 80 %. As SO2 is an aerosol precursor, this drop in emissions over the ocean will weaken ...
    • Multi-model simulations of aerosol and ozone radiative forcing due to anthropogenic emission changes during the period 1990-2015 

      Myhre, Gunnar; Aas, Wenche; Cherian, Ribu; Collins, W; Faluvegi, Greg; Flanner, M.; Forster, Piers M.; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Klimont, Zbigniew; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Mulmenstädt, Johannes; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Prather, Michael J.; Quaas, Johannes; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Schnell, Jordan; Schulz, Michael; Shindell, Drew; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Takemura, Toshihiko; Tsyro, Svetlana G. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      Over the past few decades, the geographical distribution of emissions of substances that alter the atmospheric energy balance has changed due to economic growth and air pollution regulations. Here, we show the resulting ...
    • A multimodel analysis of post-Glasgow climate targets and feasibility challenges 

      van de Ven, Dirk-Jan; Mittal, Shivika; Gambhir, Ajay; Lamboll, Robin D.; Doukas, Haris; Giarola, Sara; Hawkes, Adam; Koasidis, Konstantinos; Köberle, Alexandre C.; McJeon, Haewon; Perdana, Sigit; Peters, Glen Philip; Rogelj, Joeri; Sognnæs, Ida Andrea Braathen; Vielle, Marc; Nikas, Alexandros (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The COP26 Glasgow process resulted in many countries strengthening their 2030 emissions reduction targets and announcing net-zero pledges for 2050–2070 but it is not clear how this would impact future warming. Here, we use ...
    • “Narrative images” as a learning approach: (transformative) adaptation scenarios for dealing with urban water risks in Hamburg, Germany 

      Hanf, Franziska S.; Meier, Linda; Hawxwell, Tom; Oßenbrügge, Jürgen; Knieling, Jörg; Sillmann, Jana (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      In recent years, weather-related extreme events have shown the limits of technical approaches to urban water challenges and highlighted the urgent need to rethink the relationship between cities and water and to see water ...
    • Nasjonale drivkrefter i USAs klimapolitikk 

      Skodvin, Tora; Bang, Guri (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014)
      Da Obama overtok som president i 2009, var ett av hovedmålene å styrke amerikansk klimapolitikk. Fem år senere er målet fortsatt ikke blitt realisert. For å forklare denne manglende måloppnåelsen undersøker vi tre forhold: ...
    • Nasjonale drivkrefter i USAs klimapolitikk 

      Skodvin, Tora; Bang, Guri (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014)
      Da Obama overtok som president i 2009, var ett av hovedmålene å styrke amerikansk klimapolitikk. Fem år senere er målet fortsatt ikke blitt realisert. For å forklare denne manglende måloppnåelsen undersøker vi tre forhold: ...
    • National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide since 1850 

      Jones, Matthew W.; Peters, Glen Philip; Gasser, Thomas; Andrew, Robbie; Schwingshackl, Clemens; Gütschow, Johannes; Houghton, Richard A.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Pongratz, Julia; Le Quéré, Corinne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have made significant contributions to global warming since the pre-industrial period and are therefore targeted in international climate ...
    • National specialization policy versus farmers’ priorities: Balancing subsistence farming and cash cropping in Nepal 

      Holmelin, Nina (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The Nepali Government is currently implementing policies for a radical agricultural transformation into large-scale, mechanized, specialized and commercial farming. However, the peasants prioritize diversified subsistence ...
    • Natural short-lived halogens exert an indirect cooling effect on climate 

      Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Fernandez, Rafael P.; Li, Qinyi; Cuevas, Carlos A.; Fu, Xiao; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Tilmes, Simone; Mahajan, Anoop S.; Gómez Martín, Juan Carlos; Iglesias-Suarez, Fernando; Hossaini, Ryan; Plane, John M. C.; Myhre, Gunnar; Lamarque, Jean-François (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Observational evidence shows the ubiquitous presence of ocean-emitted short-lived halogens in the global atmosphere1,2,3. Natural emissions of these chemical compounds have been anthropogenically amplified since pre-industrial ...
    • The need for carbon-emissions-driven climate projections in CMIP7 

      Sanderson, Benjamin; Booth, Ben B. B.; Dunne, John; Eyring, Veronika; Fisher, Rosie; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Gidden, Matthew J.; Hajima, Tomohiro; Jones, Chris D.; Jones, Colin G.; King, Andrew; Koven, Charles D.; Lawrence, David M.; Lowe, Jason; Mengis, Nadine; Peters, Glen Philip; Rogelj, Joeri; Smith, Chris; Snyder, Abigail C.; Simpson, Isla R.; Swann, Abigail L. S.; Tebaldi, Claudia; Ilyina, Tatiana; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Séférian, Roland; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Van Vuuren, Detlef; Zaehle, Sönke (Peer reviewed, 2024)
      Previous phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) have primarily focused on simulations driven by atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), for both idealized model experiments and climate ...
    • Neglected implications of land-use and land-cover changes on the climate-health nexus 

      Orlov, Anton; Aunan, Kristin; Mistry, Malcolm N; Lejeune, Quentin; Pongratz, Julia; Thiery, Wim; Gasparrini, Antonio; Reed, Eilif Ursin; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Climate change can substantially affect temperature-related mortality and morbidity, especially under high greenhouse gas emission pathways. Achieving the Paris Agreement goals require not only drastic reductions in fossil ...