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    • Dirty air offsets inequality 

      Lund, Marianne Tronstad (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Atmospheric aerosols have probably masked a significant portion of the greenhouse-gas-induced warming so far. Research now shows that this also may have masked some of the world’s increasing economic inequality.

    • Distinct responses of Asian summer monsoon to black carbon aerosols and greenhouse gases 

      Xie, Xiaoning; Myhre, Gunnar; Liu, Xiaodong; Li, Xinzhou; Shi, Zhengguo; Wang, Hongli; Kirkevåg, Alf; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Shindell, Drew; Takemura, Toshihiko; Liu, Yangang (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Black carbon (BC) aerosols emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources induce positive radiative forcing and global warming, which in turn significantly affect the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). However, many aspects of ...

    • Distinct surface response to black carbon aerosols 

      Tang, Tao; Shindell, Drew; Zhang, Yuqiang; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Myhre, Gunnar; Faluvegi, Greg; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Andrews, Timothy; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Takemura, Toshihiko; Lee, Xuhui (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      For the radiative impact of individual climate forcings, most previous studies focused on the global mean values at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), and less attention has been paid to surface processes, especially for ...

    • Distributive fairness: A mutual recognition approach 

      Underdal, Arild; Wei, Taoyuan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)
      Can norms of distributive fairness serve as pillars of a new and more effective global climate regime? Three general principles – responsibilities, capabilities (capacity), and needs (or rights) – are frequently invoked ...

    • Does a change in the 'global net zero' language matter? 

      Parris, Hannah; Anger-Kraavi, Annela; Peters, Glen Philip (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Changes in language used in long term climate policy can undermine their credibility and discourage climate action. Previous IPCC reports have promoted an idea of reaching ‘global net zero’ (GNZ) emissions by 2050 in order ...

    • Does polycentrism deliver? A case study of energy community governance in Europe 

      Anfinson, Kellan; Laes, Erik; Bombaerts, Gunter; Standal, Karina; Krug, Michael; Di Nucci, Maria-Rosaria; Schwarz, Lucas (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The European Union's Clean Energy Package (CEP) plans to transform ‘passive consumers’ into ‘active citizens’ to support the transition to a carbon-neutral energy system by 2050. By stimulating the growth of renewable ...

    • Does solar geoengineering crowd-out climate change mitigation efforts? Evidence from a stated preference referendum on a carbon tax 

      Cherry, Todd; Kallbekken, Steffen; Kroll, Stephan; McEvoy, Dave (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Solar geoengineering is increasingly being considered a realistic approach to managing climate change. One crucial concern is whether geoengineering crowds out efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Adding to a ...

    • Downscaling probability of long heatwaves based on seasonal mean daily maximum temperatures 

      Benestad, Rasmus; Oort, Bob van; Justino, Flavio; Stordal, Frode; Parding, Kajsa; Mezghani, Abdelkader; Erlandsen, Helene B.; Sillmann, Jana; Pereira-Flores, Milton E (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      A methodology for estimating and downscaling the probability associated with the duration of heatwaves is presented and applied as a case study for Indian wheat crops. These probability estimates make use of empirical-statistical ...

    • Driving forces in energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in east and south coastal China: commonality and variations 

      Gao, Chaochao; Liu, Yonghong; Jin, Jun; Wei, Taoyuan; Zhang, Jianying; Zhu, Lizhong (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      As the world's top carbon dioxide emitter, China is expected to reach its emissions peak by 2030. East and south coastal China contribute nearly one-third of the emissions in China, and therefore play a critical role in ...

    • Dynamical response of Mediterranean precipitation to greenhouse gases and aerosols 

      Tang, Tao; Shindell, Drew; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Boucher, Olivier; Forster, Piers M.; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Myhre, Gunnar; Sillmann, Jana; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Andrews, Timothy; Faluvegi, Gregory S.; Fläschner, Dagmar; Iversen, Trond; Kasoar, Matthew; Kharin, Viatcheslav; Kirkevåg, Alf; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Richardson, Thomas; Stjern, Camilla Weum; Takemura, Toshihiko (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)

    • Earlier emergence of a temperature response to mitigation by filtering annual variability 

      Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Zhou, C.; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Marotzke, J.; Zelinka, M.D. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      The rate of global surface warming is crucial for tracking progress towards global climate targets, but is strongly influenced by interannual-to-decadal variability, which precludes rapid detection of the temperature ...

    • Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0-diagnostics for extreme events, regional and impact evaluation, and analysis of Earth system models in CMIP 

      Weigel, Katja; Bock, Lisa; Gier, Bettina K.; Lauer, Axel; Righi, Mattia; Schlund, Manuel; Adeniyi, Kemisola; Andela, Bouwe; Arnone, Enrico; Berg, Peter; Caron, Louis-Philippe; Cionni, Irene; Corti, Susanna; Drost, Niels; Hunter, Alasdair; Lledó, Llorenç; Mohr, Christian Wilhelm; Paçal, Aytaç; Pérez-Zanón, Núria; Predoi, Valeriu; Sandstad, Marit; Sillmann, Jana; Sterl, Andreas; Vegas-Regidor, Javier; Von Hardenberg, Jost; Eyring, Veronika (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      This paper complements a series of now four publications that document the release of the Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0. It describes new diagnostics on the hydrological cycle, extreme events, impact ...

    • Economic and Environmental Benefits from Municipal Solid Waste Recycling in the Murmansk Region 

      Orlov, Anton; Klyuchnikova, Elene; Korppoo, Anna (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Most municipal solid waste (MSW) in Russia is disposed of in landfills, and only a relatively small fraction is recycled. The landfilling of waste leads to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and air and groundwater pollution. ...

    • Economic costs of heat-induced reductions in worker productivity due to global warming 

      Orlov, Anton; Sillmann, Jana; Aunan, Kristin; Kjellström, Tord E.; Aaheim, Hans Asbjørn (Journal article, 2020)
      We assess economic costs of heat-induced reductions in worker productivity at global scale under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. Losses in worker productivity are calculated by using an empirically estimated epidemiological exposure-response ...

    • The effect of rapid adjustments to halocarbons and N2O on radiative forcing 

      Hodnebrog, Øivind; Myhre, Gunnar; Kramer, Ryan J.; Shine, Keith P.; Andrews, Timothy; Faluvegi, Greg; Kasoar, Matthew; Kirkevåg, Alf; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Mülmenstädt, Johannes; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Shindell, Drew; Smith, Christopher J.; Takemura, Toshihiko; Voulgarakis, Apostolos (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Rapid adjustments occur after initial perturbation of an external climate driver (e.g., CO2) and involve changes in, e.g. atmospheric temperature, water vapour and clouds, independent of sea surface temperature changes. ...

    • Effectiveness of integrated low-carbon technologies: Evidence from a pilot agricultural experiment in Shanghai 

      Fan, Chunzeng; Wei, Taoyuan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      Purpose – Constructing a low-carbon agriculture park is considered an effective means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. This study explores the effectiveness of integrated low-carbon agricultural ...

    • Electricity consumption: should there be a limit? Implications of people’s attitudes for the forming of sustainable energy policies 

      Westskog, Hege; Winther, Tanja (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014)
      The aim of this paper is to examine people’s attitudes towards electricity and electricity consumption within the Norwegian market context. The empirical material is based on 18 in-depth interviews and eight focus group ...

    • Elemental carbon measurements in European Arctic snow packs 

      Forsström, S.; Isaksson, Elisabeth; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Ström, Johan; Pedersen, CA; Hudson, S.R.; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Lihavainen, H.; Godtliebsen, Fred; Gerland, Sebastian (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      [1] Black carbon (BC) and other light-absorbing particles deposited on snow and ice are known to perturb the surface radiative balance. There are few published observations of the concentration of these particles in the ...

    • Elevation dependent precipitation and temperature changes over Indian Himalayan region 

      Dimri, A.P.; Palazzi, E.; Daloz, Anne Sophie (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Various studies reported an elevation dependent precipitation and temperature changes in mountainous regions of the world including the Himalayas. Various mechanisms are proposed to link the possible dependence of the ...

    • Emerging reporting and verification needs under the Paris Agreement: How can the research community effectively contribute? 

      Perugini, Lucia; Pellis, Guido; Grassi, Giacomo; Ciais, Philippe; Dolman, Han; House, Jo; Peters, Glen Philip; Smith, Pete; Günther, Dirk; Peylin, Philippe (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories represent the link between national and international political actions on climate change, and climate and environmental sciences. Inventory agencies need to include, in national ...