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dc.contributor.authorJordan, George
dc.contributor.authorMalavelle, Florent
dc.contributor.authorChen, Ying
dc.contributor.authorPeace, Amy
dc.contributor.authorDuncan, Eliza
dc.contributor.authorPartridge, Daniel G.
dc.contributor.authorKim, Paul
dc.contributor.authorWatson-Parris, Duncan
dc.contributor.authorTakemura, Toshihiko
dc.contributor.authorNeubauer, David
dc.contributor.authorMyhre, Gunnar
dc.contributor.authorSkeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt
dc.contributor.authorLaakso, Anton
dc.contributor.authorHaywood, James
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-23T08:29:15Z
dc.date.available2024-09-23T08:29:15Z
dc.date.created2024-03-18T13:34:09Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.citationAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). 2024, 24 (3), 1939-1960.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1680-7316
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3153667
dc.description.abstractFor over 6 months, the 2014–2015 effusive eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland, injected considerable amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the lower troposphere with a daily rate of up to one-third of the global emission rate, causing extensive air pollution across Europe. The large injection of SO2, which oxidises to form sulfate aerosol (), provides a natural experiment offering an ideal opportunity to scrutinise state-of-the-art general circulation models' (GCMs) representation of aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs). Here we present Part 1 of a two-part model inter-comparison using the Holuhraun eruption as a framework to analyse ACIs. We use SO2 retrievals from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument and ground-based measurements of SO2 and mass concentrations across Europe, in conjunction with a trajectory analysis using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, to assess the spatial and chemical evolution of the volcanic plume as simulated by five GCMs and a chemical transport model (CTM). IASI retrievals of plume altitude and SO2 column load reveal that the volcanic perturbation is largely contained within the lower troposphere. Compared to the satellite observations, the models capture the spatial evolution and vertical variability of the plume reasonably well, although the models often overestimate the plume altitude. HYSPLIT trajectories are used to attribute to Holuhraun emissions 111 instances of elevated sulfurous surface mass concentrations recorded at European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) stations during September and October 2014. Comparisons with the simulated concentrations show that the modelled ratio of SO2 to during these pollution episodes is often underestimated and overestimated for the young and mature plume, respectively. Models with finer vertical resolutions near the surface are found to better capture these elevated sulfurous ground-level concentrations. Using an exponential function to describe the decay of observed surface mass concentration ratios of SO2 to with plume age, the in-plume oxidation rate constant is estimated as 0.032 ± 0.002 h−1 (1.30 ± 0.08 d e-folding time), with a near-vent ratio of 25 ± 5 (µg m−3 of SO2  µg m−3 of ). The majority of the corresponding derived modelled oxidation rate constants are lower than the observed estimate. This suggests that the representation of the oxidation pathway/s in the simulated plumes is too slow. Overall, despite their coarse spatial resolutions, the six models show reasonable skill in capturing the spatial and chemical evolution of the Holuhraun plume. This capable representation of the underlying aerosol perturbation is essential to enable the investigation of the eruption's impact on ACIs in the second part of this study.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherCopernicus Publicationsen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleHow well are aerosol-cloud interactions represented in climate models? - Part 1: Understanding the sulfate aerosol production from the 2014-15 Holuhraun eruptionen_US
dc.title.alternativeHow well are aerosol-cloud interactions represented in climate models? - Part 1: Understanding the sulfate aerosol production from the 2014-15 Holuhraun eruptionen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.pagenumber1939-1960en_US
dc.source.volume24en_US
dc.source.journalAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP)en_US
dc.source.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/acp-24-1939-2024
dc.identifier.cristin2255412
dc.relation.projectEU – Horisont Europa (EC/HEU): 820829en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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