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dc.contributor.authorBellouin, Nicolas
dc.contributor.authorDavies, William H.
dc.contributor.authorP. Shine, Keith
dc.contributor.authorQuaas, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorMülmenstädt, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorM. Forster, Piers
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Christopher J.
dc.contributor.authorLee, Lindsay
dc.contributor.authorRegayre, Leighton
dc.contributor.authorBrasseur, Guy
dc.contributor.authorSudarchikova, Natalia
dc.contributor.authorBouarar, Idir
dc.contributor.authorBoucher, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorMyhre, Gunnar
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-14T09:10:28Z
dc.date.available2021-07-14T09:10:28Z
dc.date.created2021-02-01T17:17:57Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.citationEarth System Science Data. 2020, 12 (3), 1649-1677.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1866-3508
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2764354
dc.description.abstractRadiative forcing provides an important basis for understanding and predicting global climate changes, but its quantification has historically been done independently for different forcing agents, has involved observations to varying degrees, and studies have not always included a detailed analysis of uncertainties. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis is an optimal combination of modelling and observations of atmospheric composition. It provides a unique opportunity to rely on observations to quantify the monthly and spatially resolved global distributions of radiative forcing consistently for six of the largest forcing agents: carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, stratospheric ozone, aerosol–radiation interactions, and aerosol–cloud interactions. These radiative-forcing estimates account for adjustments in stratospheric temperatures but do not account for rapid adjustments in the troposphere. On a global average and over the period 2003–2017, stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing of carbon dioxide has averaged +1.89 W m−2 (5 %–95 % confidence interval: 1.50 to 2.29 W m−2) relative to 1750 and increased at a rate of 18 % per decade. The corresponding values for methane are +0.46 (0.36 to 0.56) W m−2 and 4 % per decade but with a clear acceleration since 2007. Ozone radiative-forcing averages +0.32 (0 to 0.64) W m−2, almost entirely contributed by tropospheric ozone since stratospheric ozone radiative forcing is only +0.003 W m−2. Aerosol radiative-forcing averages −1.25 (−1.98 to −0.52) W m−2, with aerosol–radiation interactions contributing −0.56 W m−2 and aerosol–cloud interactions contributing −0.69 W m−2 to the global average. Both have been relatively stable since 2003. Taking the six forcing agents together, there is no indication of a sustained slowdown or acceleration in the rate of increase in anthropogenic radiative forcing over the period. These ongoing radiative-forcing estimates will monitor the impact on the Earth's energy budget of the dramatic emission reductions towards net-zero that are needed to limit surface temperature warming to the Paris Agreement temperature targets. Indeed, such impacts should be clearly manifested in radiative forcing before being clear in the temperature record. In addition, this radiative-forcing dataset can provide the input distributions needed by researchers involved in monitoring of climate change, detection and attribution, interannual to decadal prediction, and integrated assessment modelling. The data generated by this work are available at https://doi.org/10.24380/ads.1hj3y896 (Bellouin et al., 2020b).en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherCopernicus publicationsen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleRadiative forcing of climate change from the Copernicus reanalysis of atmospheric compositionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.pagenumber1649-1677en_US
dc.source.volume12en_US
dc.source.journalEarth System Science Dataen_US
dc.source.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/essd-12-1649-2020
dc.identifier.cristin1885418
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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