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dc.contributor.authorHovi, Jon
dc.contributor.authorSprinz, Detlef F.
dc.contributor.authorBang, Guri
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-06T08:53:19Z
dc.date.available2021-05-06T08:53:19Z
dc.date.created2010-07-22T14:24:07Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.identifier.citationEuropean Journal of International Relations. 2012, 18 (1), 129-150.
dc.identifier.issn1354-0661
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2753848
dc.description.abstractAccording to two-level game theory, negotiators tailor agreements at the international level to be ratifiable at the domestic level. This did not happen in the Kyoto negotiations, however, in the US case. We interviewed 26 German, Norwegian, and US participants in and observers of the climate negotiations concerning their views on three explanations for why the United States did not become a party to Kyoto. Explanation 1 argues that Kyoto delegations mistakenly thought the Senate was bluffing when adopting Byrd–Hagel. Explanation 2 contends that Europeans preferred a more ambitious agreement without US participation to a less ambitious agreement with US participation. Finally, explanation 3 suggests that in Kyoto the Clinton–Gore administration gave up on Senate ratification, and essentially pushed for an agreement that would provide them a climate-friendly face. While all explanations received some support from interviewees, explanation 1 and (particularly) explanation 3 received considerably more support than explanation 2.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.titleWhy the United States did not become a party to the Kyoto Protocol: German, Norwegian, and US perspectives
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.description.versionsubmittedVersion
dc.source.pagenumber129-150
dc.source.volume18
dc.source.journalEuropean Journal of International Relations
dc.source.issue1
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/1354066110380964
dc.identifier.cristin339183
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 209701
cristin.unitcode7475,0,0,0
cristin.unitnameCICERO Senter for klimaforskning
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextpreprint
cristin.qualitycode2


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