• The Climate Response to Emissions Reductions Due to COVID-19: Initial Results From CovidMIP 

      Jones, Chris D.; Hickman, Jonathan; Rumbold, Steven T; Walton, Jeremy; Lamboll, Robin; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Fiedler, Stephanie; Forster, Piers M.; Rogelj, Joeri; Abe, Manabu; Botzet, Michael; Calvin, Katherine; Cassou, Christophe; Cole, Jason N S; Davini, Paolo; Deushi, Makoto; Dix, Martin; Fyfe, John; Gillett, Nathan P.; Ilyina, Tatiana; Kawamiya, Michio; Kelley, Maxwell; Kharin, Slava; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi; Li, Hongmei; MacKallah, Chloe; Müller, Wolfgang A.; Nabat, Pierre; Van Noije, Twan; Nolan, Paul; Ohgaito, Rumi; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Oshima, Naga; Parodi, Jose; Reerink, Thomas J.; Ren, Lili; Romanou, Anastasia; Séférian, Roland; Tang, Yangming; Timmreck, Claudia; Tjiputra, Jerry; Tourigny, Etienne; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Wang, Hailong; Wu, Mingxuan; Wyser, Klaus; Yang, Shuting; Yang, Yang; Ziehn, Tilo (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Many nations responded to the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020, resulting in temporarily reduced emissions of CO2, other greenhouse gases and ozone ...
    • Dynamical response of Mediterranean precipitation to greenhouse gases and aerosols 

      Tang, Tao; Shindell, Drew; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Boucher, Olivier; Forster, Piers M.; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Myhre, Gunnar; Sillmann, Jana; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Andrews, Timothy; Faluvegi, Gregory S.; Fläschner, Dagmar; Iversen, Trond; Kasoar, Matthew; Kharin, Viatcheslav; Kirkevåg, Alf; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Richardson, Thomas; Stjern, Camilla Weum; Takemura, Toshihiko (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
    • Energy Budget Constraints on the Time History of Aerosol Forcing and Climate Sensitivity 

      Smith, Christopher J.; Harris, Glen R.; Palmer, Matthew D.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Collins, William J.; Myhre, Gunnar; Schulz, Michael; Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Ringer, Mark; Storelvmo, Trude; Forster, Piers M. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      An observationally constrained time series of historical aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) from 1750 to 2019 is developed in this study. We find that the time history of aerosol ERFs diagnosed in CMIP6 models ...
    • Global Carbon Budget 2020 

      Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W.; Andrew, Robbie; Hauck, Judith; Olsen, Are; Peters, Glen Philip; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen; Le Quéré, Corinne; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Alin, Simone; Aragão, Luiz E.O.C.; Arneth, Almut; Arora, Vivek K.; Bates, Nicholas R.; Becker, Meike; Benoit-Cattin, Alice; Bittig, Henry C.; Bopp, Laurent; Bultan, Selma; Chandra, Naveen; Chevallier, Frédéric; Chini, Louise P.; Evans, Wiley; Florentie, Liesbeth; Forster, Piers M.; Gasser, Thomas; Gehlen, Marion; Gilfillan, Dennis; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Gregor, Luke; Gruber, Nicolas; Harris, Ian; Hartung, Kerstin; Haverd, Vanessa; Houghton, Richard A.; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jain, Atul K.; Joetzjer, Emilie; Kadono, Koji; Kato, Etsushi; Kitidis, Vassilis; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Landschützer, Peter; Lefevre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lienert, Sebastian; Liu, Zhu; Lombardozzi, Danica; Marland, Gregg; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David; Nabel, Julia E.M.S.; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Niwa, Yosuke; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Ono, Tsuneo; Palmer, Paul I.; Pierrot, Denis; Poulter, Ben; Resplandy, Laure; Robertson, Eddy; Rödenbeck, Christian; Schwinger, Jörg; Séférian, Roland; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Smith, Adam J.P.; Sutton, Adrienne; Tanhua, Toste; Tans, Pieter P.; Tian, Hanqin; Tilbrook, Bronte; Van Der Werf, Guido; Vuichard, Nicolas; Walker, Anthony P.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew; Willis, David; Wiltshire, Andy; Yuan, Wenping; Yue, Xu; Zaehle, Sönke (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better ...
    • Indicate separate contributions of long-lived and short-lived greenhouse gases in emission targets 

      Allen, Myles R.; Peters, Glen Philip; Shine, Keith P.; Azar, Christian; Balcombe, Paul; Boucher, Olivier; Cain, Michelle; Ciais, Philippe; Collins, William; Forster, Piers M.; Frame, Dave J.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Fyson, Claire; Gasser, Thomas; Hare, Bill; Jenkins, Stuart; Hamburg, Steven P.; Johansson, Daniel J.A.; Lynch, John; Macey, Adrian.; Morfeldt, Johannes; Nauels, Alexander; Ocko, Ilissa; Oppenheimer, Michael; Pacala, Stephen W.; Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.; Rogeli, Joeri; Schaeffer, Michiel; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Shindell, Drew; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Smith, Stephen M.; Tanaka, Katsumasa (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      As researchers who have published over recent years on the issue of comparing the climate effects of different greenhouse gases, we would like to highlight a simple innovation that would enhance the transparency of stocktakes ...
    • Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence 

      Forster, Piers M.; Smith, Chris; Walsh, Tristram; Lamb, William F.; Lamboll, Robin; Hall, Bradley; Hauser, Mathias; Ribes, Aurélien; Rosen, Debbie; Gillett, Nathan P.; Palmer, Matthew D.; Rogelj, Joeri; Von Schuckmann, Karina; Trewin, Blair; Allen, Myles; Andrew, Robbie; Betts, Richard A.; Borger, Alex; Boyer, Tim; Broersma, Jiddu A.; Buontempo, Carlo; Burgess, Samantha; Cagnazzo, Chiara; Cheng, Lijing; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Gettelman, Andrew; Gütschow, Johannes; Ishii, Masayoshi; Jenkins, Stuart; Lan, Xin; Morice, Colin; Mühle, Jens; Kadow, Christopher; Kennedy, John; Killick, Rachel E.; Krummel, Paul B.; Minx, Jan C.; Myhre, Gunnar; Naik, Vaishali; Peters, Glen Philip; Pirani, Anna; Pongratz, Julia; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Szopa, Sophie; Thorne, Peter; Kovilakam, Mahesh V. M.; Majamäki, Elisa; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Van Marle, Margreet; Hoesly, Rachel M.; Rohde, Robert; Schumacher, Dominik; Van Der Werf, Guido; Vose, Russell; Zickfeld, Kirsten; Zhang, Xuebin; Masson-Delmotte, Valérie; Zhai, Panmao (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). ...
    • Interactions between atmospheric composition and climate change - progress in understanding and future opportunities from AerChemMIP, PDRMIP, and RFMIP 

      Fiedler, Stephanie; Naik, Vaishali; O'Connor, Fiona M.; Smith, Christopher J.; Griffiths, Paul; Kramer, Ryan J.; Takemura, Toshihiko; Allen, Robert J.; Im, Ulas; Kasoar, Matthew; Modak, Angshuman; Turnock, Steven; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Watson-Parris, Duncan; Westervelt, Daniel M.; Wilcox, Laura J.; Zhao, Alcide; Collins, William J.; Schulz, Michael; Myhre, Gunnar; Forster, Piers M. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      The climate science community aims to improve our understanding of climate change due to anthropogenic influences on atmospheric composition and the Earth's surface. Yet not all climate interactions are fully understood, ...
    • The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WGIII climate assessment of mitigation pathways: from emissions to global temperatures 

      Kikstra, Jarmo S.; Nicholls, Zebedee R. J.; Smith, Christopher J.; Lewis, Jared; Lamboll, Robin D.; Byers, Edward; Sandstad, Marit; Meinshausen, Malte; Gidden, Matthew J.; Rogelj, Joeri; Kriegler, Elmar; Peters, Glen Philip; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Wienpahl, Laura; Van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Van Der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar; Al Khourdajie, Alaa; Forster, Piers M.; Reisinger, Andy; Schaeffer, Roberto; Riahi, Keywan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) physical science reports usually assess a handful of future scenarios, the Working Group III contribution on climate mitigation to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment ...
    • Local biomass burning is a dominant cause of the observed precipitation reduction in southern Africa 

      Hodnebrog, Øivind; Myhre, Gunnar; Forster, Piers M.; Sillmann, Jana; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      Observations indicate a precipitation decline over large parts of southern Africa since the 1950s. Concurrently, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols have increased due to anthropogenic activities. ...
    • Modifying emissions scenario projections to account for the effects of COVID-19: Protocol for CovidMIP 

      Lamboll, Robin; Jones, Chris D.; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Fiedler, Stephanie; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Gillett, Nathan P.; Rogelj, Joeri; Forster, Piers M. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Lockdowns to avoid the spread of COVID-19 have created an unprecedented reduction in human emissions. While the country-level scale of emissions changes can be estimated in near real time, the more detailed, gridded emissions ...
    • Multi-model simulations of aerosol and ozone radiative forcing due to anthropogenic emission changes during the period 1990-2015 

      Myhre, Gunnar; Aas, Wenche; Cherian, Ribu; Collins, W; Faluvegi, Greg; Flanner, M.; Forster, Piers M.; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Klimont, Zbigniew; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Mulmenstädt, Johannes; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Prather, Michael J.; Quaas, Johannes; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Schnell, Jordan; Schulz, Michael; Shindell, Drew; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Takemura, Toshihiko; Tsyro, Svetlana G. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      Over the past few decades, the geographical distribution of emissions of substances that alter the atmospheric energy balance has changed due to economic growth and air pollution regulations. Here, we show the resulting ...
    • Observational Evidence of Increasing Global Radiative Forcing 

      Kramer, Ryan J.; He, Haozhe; Soden, Brian J.; Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Myhre, Gunnar; Forster, Piers M.; Smith, Christopher J. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Changes in atmospheric composition, such as increasing greenhouse gases, cause an initial radiative imbalance to the climate system, quantified as the instantaneous radiative forcing. This fundamental metric has not been ...
    • Recent reductions in aerosol emissions have increased Earth’s energy imbalance 

      Hodnebrog, Øivind; Myhre, Gunnar; Jouan, Caroline; Andrews, Timothy; Forster, Piers M.; Jia, Hailing; Loeb, Norman G.; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Paynter, David; Quaas, Johannes; Raghuraman, Shiv Priyam; Schulz, Michael (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      The Earth’s energy imbalance is the net radiative flux at the top-of-atmosphere. Climate model simulations suggest that the observed positive imbalance trend in the previous two decades is inconsistent with internal ...
    • Recommendations for diagnosing effective radiative forcing from climate models for CMIP6 

      Forster, Piers M.; Richardson, T.; Maycock, A. C.; Smith, C. J.; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Myhre, Gunnar; Andrews, T.; Pincus, R.; Schulz, Michael (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      The usefulness of previous Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) exercises has been hampered by a lack of radiative forcing information. This has made it difficult to understand reasons for differences between model ...
    • Scientific data from precipitation driver response model intercomparison project 

      Myhre, Gunnar; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Forster, Piers M.; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Sandstad, Marit; Mohr, Christian Wilhelm; Stjern, Camilla Weum; Sillmann, Jana; Andrews, Timothy; Boucher, Olivier; Faluvegi, Gregory; Iversen, Trond; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Kasoar, Matthew; Kirkevåg, Alf; Kramer, Ryan J.; Liu, Longbo; Mülmenstädt, Johannes; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Quaas, Johannes; Richardson, Thomas B.; Shawki, Dilshad; Shindell, Drew; Smith, Chris; Stier, Philip; Tang, Tao; Takemura, Toshihiko; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Watson-Parris, Duncan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      This data descriptor reports the main scientific values from General Circulation Models (GCMs) in the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP). The purpose of the GCM simulations has been ...
    • The Time Scales of Climate Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols 

      Stjern, Camilla Weum; Forster, Piers M.; Jia, Hailing; Jouan, Caroline; Kasoar, Matthew R.; Myhre, Gunnar; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Quaas, Johannes; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Sand, Maria; Takemura, Toshihiro; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Wells, Christopher D. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The climate system responds to changes in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases or aerosols through rapid processes, triggered within hours and days, and through slower processes, where the full response may only be ...