Blar i CICERO Research Archive på tittel
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Sosioøkonomiske virkninger av klimaendringer: Metoder for å anslå virkninger på aggregert nivå
(2003:05, Working paper, 2003)I denne rapporten drøftes metoder for å beregne samfunnsøkonomiske virkninger av klimaendringer med eksempler fra Hordaland fylke. Utgangspunktet for beregningene er anslag over klimaendringer fra RegClim prosjektet. Med ... -
Sources of conflicts in climate policy within the EU: An economic analysis
(1999:03, Research report, 1999)This report is a part of a study of the potential for the EU to take on leadership in the climate negotiations. The aim of this part is to sort out factors that may explain the different economic interests in cutting ... -
Sources of energy and the environment
(1993:08, Working paper, 1993) -
Sovereign Wealth Funds as a New Instrument of Climate Protection Policy? A Case Study of Norway as a Pioneer of Ethical Guidelines for Investment Policy
(2008:03, Working paper, 2008)Norway’s abundance of natural resources is the deciding factor in explaining how the north European state ranks among countries worldwide with the highest standard of living. A sovereign wealth fund was established in 1990 ... -
Spatial and sector-specific contributions of emissions to ambient air pollution and mortality in European cities: a health impact assessment
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)Ambient air pollution is a major risk to health and wellbeing in European cities. We aimed to estimate spatial and sector-specific contributions of emissions to ambient air pollution and evaluate the effects of source-specific ... -
Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Driving Mechanism of Coupling Coordination between New-Type Urbanization and Ecological Environment in China
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)The coupling coordination between new-type urbanization and ecological environment is important for regional sustainable development in China. This study proposes an evaluation index system of new urbanization and ecological ... -
The Spectral Nature of Stratospheric Temperature Adjustment and its Application to Halocarbon Radiative Forcing
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)Stratospheric temperature adjustment (STA) is often a significant component of greenhouse gas radiative forcing (RF), for both the most widely used definition of RF and effective radiative forcing. It is well established ... -
SRES utslippsscenarier - En gjennomgang av bakgrunn, drivkrefter og resultater
(2000:02, Working paper, 2000)Den tredje arbeidsgruppen i FNs klimapanel (IPCC) fikk i 1996 oppgaven med å utvikle en spesialrapport om utslippsscenarier (Special Report on Emission Scenarios, SRES). Utslippsscenarier er beskrivelser av hvordan man ... -
Stable climate metrics for emissions of short and long-lived species—combining steps and pulses
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)Multi-gas climate agreements rely on a methodology (widely referred to as 'metrics') to place emissions of different gases on a CO2-equivalent scale. There has been an ongoing debate on the extent to which existing metrics ... -
Standard climate models radiation codes underestimate black carbon radiative forcing
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015)Radiative forcing (RF) of black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere is estimated using radiative transfer codes of various complexities. Here we show that the two-stream radiative transfer codes used most in climate models give ... -
State dependent pollution control and the choice of policy instruments
(1994:08, Working paper, 1994)The paper examines the role of policy instruments aiming at the control of environmental problems. If there is a complex relationship between economic activities and environmental effects, the use of indirect economic ... -
Statnett
(Second opinions;2019:004, Report, 2019-01-31)Category: Second Opinion, Sector: Energy, Issuer type: Corporate, Shading: Dark Green -
Steady global surface warming from 1973 to 2022 but increased warming rate after 1990
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)The change in global mean surface temperature is a crucial and broadly used indicator of the evolution of climate change. Any decadal scale changes in warming rate are however obfuscated by internal variability. Here we ... -
Stockholms Lans Landsting (SLL) (Stockholm City Council)
(Second opinions;2018:019, Report, 2018-08-23)Category: Second Opinion, Sector: Municipal Government, Issuer type: Local Government, Shading: Dark Green -
Strategies for controlling pollution from vehicular emissions in Beijing
(2002:04, Working paper, 2002)This paper describes the severe situation of vehicular emission pollution in Beijing, and discusses the following mitigation strategies: improving fuel quality, controlling the exhaust from new vehicles, controlling the ... -
Stratospheric ozone depletion: Its impact on tropospheric chemistry and on climate
(1995:10, Research report, 1995)Observations show a long term decrease in stratospheric ozone on a global scale during the last two decades. Over the southern polar region the reductions are large and clearly connected to man made emissions of CFCs. There ... -
Strong contribution from sensible heat to global precipitation increase in climate models is not supported by observational based data
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)It has previously been shown that trends in sensible heat from climate models have had a substantial contribution to global precipitation changes. We illustrate that this is the case also in the most recent Coupled Model ... -
Strong impacts on aerosol indirect effects from historical oxidant changes
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018) -
Strong increase in mortality attributable to ozone pollution under a climate change and demographic scenario
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)Long-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) is associated with excess respiratory mortality. Pollution emissions, demographic, and climate changes are expected to drive future ozone-related mortality. Here, we assess global ... -
Strong regional trends in extreme weather over the next two decades under high- and low-emissions pathways
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)Global warming is rapidly shifting climate conditions away from what societies and ecosystems are adapted to. While the magnitude of changes in mean and extreme climate are broadly studied, regional rates of change, a key ...