• The population externality 

      Starret, David (CICERO Working Paper;1992:03, Working paper, 1992)
    • The Price of Non-compliance with the Kyoto Protocol: The Remarkable Case of Norway 

      Hovi, Jon; Kallbekken, Steffen (CICERO Working Paper;2004:07, Working paper, 2004)
      To induce compliance, an international enforcement mechanism needs to authorize the use of punitive consequences against a non-compliant country. However, it is reasonable to require that such consequences do not cause ...
    • The regional temperature implications of strong air quality measures 

      Aamaas, Borgar; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
    • The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in the Mitigation of Climate Change 

      Peters, Glen; Sognnæs, Ida (CICERO Report;2019:21, Report, 2019-12)
      Scenario analysis clearly indicates that CCS is a critical technology in Paris consistent ‘well below 2°C’ scenarios. While the optimal deployment of CCS will be debated, the literature is clear that CCS is needed at a ...
    • The role of the Commission in the European Union 

      Matlary, Janne Haaland (CICERO Working Paper;1994:03, Working paper, 1994)
      In this paper the role of the European Commission is analyzed. The focus is on the role that it plays in policy areas where it has an uncertain formal competence or no formal competence, i.e. where the relevant formal ...
    • The socioeconomic drivers of China's primary PM_2.5 emissions 

      Guan, D; Su, X; Zhang, Q; Peters, Glen Philip; Liu, Z; Lei, Y; He, K (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014)
      Primary PM2.5 emissions contributed significantly to poor air quality in China. We present an interdisciplinary study to measure the magnitudes of socioeconomic factors in driving primary PM2.5 emission changes in China ...
    • The state of climate research and climate policy 

      Torvanger, Asbjørn; Alfsen, Knut H.; Kolshus, Hans H.; Sygna, Linda (CICERO Report;2001:02, Research report, 2001)
      The aim of the report is to give an overview of the state of climate research and international climate policy negotiations until May 2001. The report presents a collection of factual information based on reports from the ...
    • The state of the Kyoto Protocol negotiations: After the fourth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP4) in Buenos Aires 2-13 November 1998 

      Torvanger, Asbjørn (CICERO Policy Note;1998:05, Working paper, 1998)
      The fourth Conference of the Parties (COP4) under the Climate Convention (UNFCCC) took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 2–13 November 1998. Summing up the conference, the main impression is that the climate process ...
    • The state of the ozone layer: A 1994 science update 

      Isaksen, Ivar S. A. (CICERO Report;1994:03, Research report, 1994)
      Both the ground based and satellite observation data bases have been extended since the previous international ozone assessment. There are several satellite systems in operation that provide total ozone data, which have ...
    • The state of tracking financial flows under the Paris Agreement - A primer for policy makers in India 

      Torvanger, Asbjørn; Dejonckheere, Sophie; Singh, Tamiksha; Pruthi, Aanchal (CICERO Report;2019:12, Report, 2019-09)
      The 21st Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC in 2015 saw international consensus on climate action through the adoption of the Paris Agreement. Article 9 focuses on mobilization and disclosure of climate finance. Drafting ...
    • The Theory of Full International Cooperation: An Experimental Evaluation 

      Helland, Leif; Hovi, Jon (CICERO Working Paper;2004:06, Working paper, 2004)
      The concept of renegotiation-proof equilibrium has become a cornerstone in recent game theoretic reasoning about the stability of international environmental agreements. Applying this solution concept to a linear version ...
    • The trade-off between short- and long-lived greenhouse gases under uncertainty and learning 

      Aaheim, H. Asbjørn; Brekke, Kjell Arne; Lystad, Terje; Torvanger, Asbjørn (CICERO Working Paper;2001:10, Working paper, 2001)
      To find an optimal climate policy we must balance abatement of different greenhouse gases. There is substantial uncertainty about future damages from climate change, but we will learn more over the next few decades. Gases ...
    • The trouble with negative emissions 

      Anderson, K; Peters, Glen Philip (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      n December 2015, member states of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, which aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to below 2°C and to pursue ...
    • The use of PPP or MER in the construction of emission scenarios is more than a question of "metrics" 

      Holtsmark, Bjart; Alfsen, Knut H. (CICERO Policy Note;2004:03, Working paper, 2004)
      The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES, IPCC, 2000) has been a matter of debate since Ian Castles and David Henderson claimed that the scenarios were based on ...
    • The value of information and the design of a climate contract under asymmetric information both before and after the contract is signed 

      Hagem, Cathrine (CICERO Working Paper;1996:01, Working paper, 1996)
      The starting point of this paper is that a group of countries cooperate to reduce global emissions of CO2. In order to reduce the cost of achieving a target for global emissions reduction, they offer a non-cooperating ...
    • The vulnerability and resilience of smallholder-inclusive agricultural investments in Tanzania 

      West, Jennifer Joy; Haug, Ruth (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      This paper compares and contrasts two cases of smallholderinclusive agricultural investment in Tanzania and investigates the factors that shape their vulnerability and resilience to risks and uncertainties that influence ...
    • Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve? 

      Stoddard, Isak; Anderson, Kevin; Capstick, Stuart; Carton, Wim; Depledge, Joanna; Facer, Keri; Gough, Clair; Hache, Frederic; Hoolohan, Claire; Hultman, Martin; Hällström, Niclas; Kartha, Sivan; Klinsky, Sonja; Kuchler, Magdalena; Lövbrand, Eva; Nasiritousi, Naghmeh; Newell, Peter; Peters, Glen Philip; Sokona, Youba; Stirling, Andy; Stilwell, Matthew; Spash, Clive L.; Williams, Mariama (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Despite three decades of political efforts and a wealth of research on the causes and catastrophic impacts of climate change, global carbon dioxide emissions have continued to rise and are 60% higher today than they were ...
    • Threshold Effect of Economic Growth on Energy Intensity — Evidence from 21 Developed Countries 

      Zhou, Jinjin; Ma, Zengjin; Wei, Taoyuan; Li, Chang (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Based on threshold regression models, this paper analyzes the effect of economic growth on energy intensity by using panel data from 21 developed countries from 1996 to 2015. Results show that a 1% increase in GDP per ...
    • The Time Scales of Climate Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols 

      Stjern, Camilla Weum; Forster, Piers M.; Jia, Hailing; Jouan, Caroline; Kasoar, Matthew R.; Myhre, Gunnar; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Quaas, Johannes; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Sand, Maria; Takemura, Toshihiro; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Wells, Christopher D. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      The climate system responds to changes in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases or aerosols through rapid processes, triggered within hours and days, and through slower processes, where the full response may only be ...
    • Top ten European heatwaves since 1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades 

      Russo, Simone; Sillmann, Jana; Fischer, Erich M. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)
      The Russian heatwave in 2010 killed tens of thousands of people, and was by far the worst event in Europe since at least 1950, according to recent studies and a novel universal heatwave index capturing both the duration ...