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Market and Non-market Policies for Renewable Energy Diffusion: A Unifying Framework and Empirical Evidence from China’s Wind Power Sector
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)We provide a comprehensive framework of analyzing the diffusion process of renewable technology, incorporating epidemic and pecuniary effects. Relying on a panel dataset consisting of information from 1207 CDM wind projects ... -
Market and policy risk under different renewable electricity support schemes
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015)Worldwide, renewable electricity projects are granted production support to ensure competitiveness. Depending on the design of these support schemes, the cash inflows to investment projects will be more or less exposed to ... -
Market power in the market for greenhouse gas emission permits - the interplay with the fossil fuel markets
(2002:08, Working paper, 2002)Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol is likely to leave Russa and other Eastern European countries with market power in the market for emission permits. Ceteris paribus, this will raise the permit price above the competitive ... -
Market power with interdependent demand: Sale of emission permits and natural gas from the Former Soviet Union
(2004:01, Working paper, 2004)With implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, the Former Soviet Union countries, and Russia in particular, will most likely be able to exert market power in the emission permit market. However, since these countries are also ... -
Mean-curvature watersheds: A simple method for segmentation of a digital elevation model into terrain units
(Journal article, 2012)Terrain segmentation is the process of subdividing a continuous terrain surface into discrete terrain units. If the resulting units represent meaningful geomorphic objects the approach may facilitate studies of not only ... -
Measuring a fair and ambitious climate agreement using cumulative emissions
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015)Policy makers have called for a 'fair and ambitious' global climate agreement. Scientific constraints, such as the allowable carbon emissions to avoid exceeding a 2 °C global warming limit with 66% probability, can help ... -
Measuring precipitation in Eastern Himalaya: Ground validation of eleven satellite, model and gauge interpolated gridded products
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Precipitation plays a key role in shaping land surface processes in Himalaya. It is also the most challenging meteorological variable to model in climate change studies due to inadequate ground data. Gridded Precipitation ... -
Meeting Kyoto Commitments: European Union Influence on Norway and Germany
(2004:12, Working paper, 2004)In this paper, we seek to understand and explain how the EU has influenced the climate change policymaking processes in Norway and Germany, despite strong prior national preferences. We ask how the EU has affected the ... -
Metagoverning through intermediaries: the role of the Norwegian “Klimasats” Fund in translating national climate goals to local implementation
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)There is little knowledge of how policymakers manage governance networks (“metagovern”) within climate policy and especially at non-executive levels of public management. One strategy to metagovern is through using ... -
Metallindustrien i Norge: økonomi, sysselsetting og utslipp av klimagasser
(1998:02, Working paper, 1998) -
Methane and the Paris Agreement temperature goals
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)Meeting the Paris Agreement temperature goal necessitates limiting methane (CH4)-induced warming, in addition to achieving net-zero or (net-negative) carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In our model, for the median 1.5°C ... -
Methane's Solar Radiative Forcing
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Methane (CH4) has significant absorption bands at wavelengths of 1.7, 2.3, 3.3 and 7.6 μm which absorb incoming solar ‘shortwave’ (SW) radiation and contribute to radiative forcing (RF). A comprehensive quantification of ... -
Methodologies of health impact assessment as part of an integrated approach to reduce effects of air pollution
(1995:07, Working paper, 1995)Quantification of average frequencies of health effects on a population level is an essential part of an integrated assessment of pollution effects. Epidemiological studies seem to provide the best basis for such estimates. ... -
Metodar for å samanlikne utslepp av klimagassar: GWP-konseptet og alternative metodar
(1999:11, Working paper, 1999)I denne publikasjonen har vi søkt å presentere ulike metodar for å samanlikne effekten av utslepp av klimagassar. Det globale oppvarmingspotensialet (GWP) er utvikla av FN sitt klimapanel (IPCC) til dette formålet. Dette ... -
Metodikk for framstilling av klimaeffekt på kort og lang sikt
(CICERO Report, Research report, 2021)CICERO Senter for klimaforskning har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet utviklet og illustrert metodikk for framstilling av klimaeffekt på kort og lang sikt. Vi har vurdert klimaeffekt på to forskjellige måter, med vektfaktorer ... -
Metodikk for framstilling av klimaeffekt på kort og lang sikt
(2021:01, Report, 2021-01)CICERO Senter for klimaforskning har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet utviklet og illustrert metodikk for framstilling av klimaeffekt på kort og lang sikt. Vi har vurdert klimaeffekt på to forskjellige måter, med vektfaktorer ... -
Metrics for linking emissions of gases and aerosols to global precipitation changes
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015)Recent advances in understanding have made it possible to relate global precipitation changes directly to emissions of particular gases and aerosols that influence climate. Using these advances, new indices are developed ... -
Missing the forest for the trees. A review of climate risk data providers as part of the Sustainable Edge project
(2019:16, Report, 2019-10)The financial sector is beginning to integrate climate into their business models and demanding climate related information tailored to financial decision making. A growing market of services and information sources exist ... -
Mobile source pollution control in the United States and China
(2002:01, Working paper, 2002)This paper reviews policies for the control of mobile source pollution and their potential application in China. The first section of the paper reviews the U.S. experience with mobile source pollution control since ... -
Mobility in Blue-Green Spaces Does Not Predict COVID-19 Transmission: A Global Analysis
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Mobility restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic ostensibly prevented the public from transmitting the disease in public places, but they also hampered outdoor recreation, despite the importance of blue-green spaces ...