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    • European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 

      CICERO Center for International Climate Research (Second opinions;2013:004, Report, 2013-07-27)
      Category: Second Opinion, Sector: Development, Issuer type: Financial Institution, Shading: Not shaded

    • EUs energi- og klimaunion: En analyse av et utvidet klimasamarbeid mellom Norge og EU 

      Gullberg, Anne Therese; Aakre, Stine (CICERO Policy Note;2018:01, Working paper, 2018-04)
      Dette arbeidsnotatet gir en kort gjennomgang av norsk klimapolitisk debatt anno 2018. Det redegjøres for hvordan EUs energi- og klimapolitikk etterhvert er blitt stadig mer integrert, og hvordan EUs energiunion vil ha ...

    • EUs grønne giv: Status etter sommeren 2022 og mulige implikasjoner for Norge 

      Farstad, Fay Madeleine (CICERO Report;2022:09, Report, 2022-09)
      Klimaregelverket er en sentral del av EUs grønne giv og klima- og energipakken ‘Fit for 55’. En 2021-rapport fra CICERO mfl. analyserte Europakommisjonens (kommisjonens) foreslåtte endringer av klimaregelverket og mulige ...

    • EUs klimaregelverk vedtatt: Hva nå for Norge? 

      Farstad, Fay M.; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud; Lindberg, Marie Byskov; Hermansen, Erlend A. T.; Wettestad, Jørgen; Søgaard, Gunnhild; Øistad, Knut (CICERO Report;2024:01, Report, 2024-01-02)
      I 2023 ble de såkalte ‘trilogforhandlingene’ mellom Europakommisjonen, Rådet og Europaparlamentet om klimaregelverket og de fleste tilhørende forslag konkluderte og regelverkene vedtatt. Disse rettsaktene er en sentral del ...

    • Evaluating global and regional land warming trends in the past decades with both MODIS and ERA5-Land land surface temperature data 

      Wang, You-Ren; Hessen, Dag Olav; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Stordal, Frode (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Global surface temperature has been setting new record highs in the recent decades, imposing increasing environmental challenges for societies and ecosystems worldwide. Global warming rates of the 20th century have been ...

    • Evaluating global and regional land warming trends in the past decades with both MODIS and ERA5-Land land surface temperature data 

      Wang, You-Ren; Hessen, Dag Olav; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Stordal, Frode (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Global surface temperature has been setting new record highs in the recent decades, imposing increasing environmental challenges for societies and ecosystems worldwide. Global warming rates of the 20th century have been ...

    • Evaluating global and regional land warming trends in the past decades with both MODIS and ERA5-Land land surface temperature data 

      Wang, You-Ren; Hessen, Dag; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Stordal, Frode (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Global surface temperature has been setting new record highs in the recent decades, imposing increasing environmental challenges for societies and ecosystems worldwide. Global warming rates of the 20th century have been ...

    • Evaluating User Satisfaction with Climate Services in Tanzania 2014 - 2016: Summary Report to the Global Framework for Climate Services Adaptation Programme in Africa 

      West, Jennifer Joy; Daly, Meaghan; Yanda, Pius (CICERO Report;2018:07, Research report, 2018-06-07)
      This report summarizes findings from qualitative research undertaken by the Center for International Climate Research (CICERO) and the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) in Tanzania between 2014 and 2016 under the Global ...

    • Evaluation of ACCMIP outgoing longwave radiation from tropospheric ozone using TES satellite observations 

      Bowman, K.W.; Shindell, DT; Worden, HM; Lamarque, JF; Young, PJ; Stevenson, DS; Qu, Z; de la Torre, M; Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, PJ; Collins, WJ; Doherty, R; Dalsøren, Stig Bjørløw; Faluvegi, G; Folberth, G; Horowitz, LW; Josse, BM; Lee, YH; MacKenzie, IA; Myhre, Gunnar; Nagashima, T; Naik, V; Plummer, DA; Rumbold, ST; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Strode, SA; Sudo, K; Szopa, S; Voulgarakis, A; Zeng, G; Kulawik, SS; Aghedo, AM; Worden, JR (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)
      We use simultaneous observations of tropospheric ozone and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) sensitivity to tropospheric ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) to evaluate model tropospheric ozone and its ...

    • Evaluation of CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations of historical surface air temperature extremes using proper evaluation methods 

      Thorarinsdottir, Thordis Linda; Sillmann, Jana; Haugen, Marion; Gissibl, Nadine; Sandstad, Marit (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Reliable projections of extremes by climate models are becoming increasingly important in the context of climate change and associated societal impacts. Extremes are by definition rare events, characterized by a small ...

    • Evaluation of preindustrial to present-day black carbon and its albedo forcing from Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) 

      Lee, Y.H.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Flanner, M.G.; Jiao, C.; Shindell, D.T.; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Bisiaux, M.M.; Cao, J.; Collins, W.J.; Curran, M.; Edwards, R.; Faluvegi, G.; Ghan, S.; Horowitz, L.W.; McConnell, J.R.; Ming, J.; Myhre, Gunnar; Nagashima, T.; Naik, V.; Rumbold, S.T.; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Sudo, K.; Takemura, T.; Thevenon, F.; Xu, B.; Yoon, J.-H. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)
      As part of the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), we evaluate the historical black carbon (BC) aerosols simulated by 8 ACCMIP models against observations including 12 ice core records, ...

    • Evaluation of the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble for climate extreme indices 

      Kim, Yeon-Hee; Min, Seung-Ki; Zhang, Xuebin; Sillmann, Jana; Sandstad, Marit (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      This study evaluates global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) for their performance in simulating the climate extreme indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate ...

    • Evaluation of the Large EURO-CORDEX Regional Climate Model Ensemble 

      Vautard, Robert; Kadygrov, Nikolay; Iles, Carley; Boberg, Fredrik; Buonomo, Erasmo; Bülow, Katharina; Coppola, Erika; Corre, Lola; van Meijgaard, Erik; Nogherotto, Rita; Sandstad, Marit; Schwingshackl, Clemens; Somot, Samuel; Aalbers, Emma; Christensen, Ole Bøssing; Ciarlo, James M.; Demory, Marie-Estelle; Giorgi, Filippo; Jacob, Daniela; Jones, Richard G.; Keuler, Klaus; Kjellström, Erik; Lenderink, Geert; Levavasseur, Guillaume; Nikulin, Grigory; Sillmann, Jana; Solidoro, Cosimo; Sørland, Silje Lund; Steger, Christian; Teichmann, Claas; Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten; Wulfmeyer, Volker (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The use of regional climate model (RCM)-based projections for providing regional climate information in a research and climate service contexts is currently expanding very fast. This has been possible thanks to a considerable ...

    • Evaluation of uncertain projects under Joint Implementation 

      Aaheim, H. Asbjørn (CICERO Working Paper;1994:11, Working paper, 1994)
      Joint implementation of the Framework Convention for Climate Change means that countries may be credited emission reductions that they finance abroad in order to reduce costs. This paper discusses the aspect of uncertainty ...

    • Explaining emission tax exemptions for heavy industries: A comparison of Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands 

      Kasa, Sjur (CICERO Policy Note;2000:03, Working paper, 2000)
      The paper addresses the widespread pattern of exempting heavily polluting industries from greenhouse gas emission taxes. Two groups of explanations of exemptions are outlined. The first group focuses on the economic ...

    • Explaining growing climate policy differences between the European Union and the United States 

      Skjærseth, Jon Birger; Bang, Guri; Schreurs, Miranda A. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)
      Strong rhetorical differences between the European Union and the United States on climate matters have been evident for almost two decades. Since the mid-2000s, such differences are becoming visible in their respective ...

    • Explaining radical policy change: Norwegian climate policy and the ban on cultivating peatlands 

      Farstad, Fay Madeleine; Hermansen, Erlend Andre T.; Grasbekk, Bård Sødal; Brudevoll, Kristiane; van Oort, Bob (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      For decades Norwegian climate policy has largely ignored the agricultural sector and focused on cost-effective emission reductions abroad. Yet in June 2020, Norway decided to ban the cultivation of peatlands to protect ...

    • Exploring distribution of commitments: A follow-up to the Berlin Mandate 

      Torvanger, Asbjørn; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Holtsmark, Bjart; Ringius, Lasse; Aaheim, H. Asbjørn (CICERO Report;1996:03, Research report, 1996)
      The study reviews and analyzes some major issues that must be considered when defining principles for distributing commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for countries belonging to the Organization for Economic ...

    • Exploring the notion of political feasibility in environmental policy 

      Skodvin, Tora (CICERO Working Paper;2007:03, Working paper, 2007)
      This essay explores the notion of political feasibility in environmental policy with an aim to develop an analytical approach that incorporates key aspects from both economics and political science. It assesses some of the ...

    • Export Development Canada (EDC) 

      CICERO Center for International Climate Research (Second opinions;2013:002, Report, 2013-01-15)
      Category: Second Opinion, Sector: Export Credit Agency, Issuer type: Financial Institution, Shading: Not shaded