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    • Climate science for the financial sector: Managing climate risk in Norway and Sweden 

      Torvanger, Asbjørn; Alnes, Kristina; Berg, Alexander O.; Marginean, Iulia (2019:15, Research report, 2019-10)
      The financial sector must prepare for a higher risk level associated with climate change impacts affecting real estate and infrastructure, as well as climate policies that will impact risk and returns from investments in ...

    • Climate sensitivity estimates - Sensitivity to radiative forcing time series and observational data 

      Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Aldrin, Magne Tommy; Holden, Marit; Myhre, Gunnar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      Inferred effective climate sensitivity (ECSinf) is estimated using a method combining radiative forcing (RF) time series and several series of observed ocean heat content (OHC) and near-surface temperature change in a ...

    • The climate spiral demonstrates the power of sharing creative ideas 

      Hawkins, Ed; Fæhn, Taran; Fuglestvedt, Jan S. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Graphical visualisations have the potential to engage diverse audiences in understanding the changes to our climate, especially when spread worldwide using both traditional and social media. The animated global temperature ...

    • Climate strategy for Africa 

      Hernes, Helga; Dalfelt, Arne; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Holtsmark, Bjart; Næss, Lars Otto; Selrod, Rolf; Aaheim, H. Asbjørn (1995:03, Research report, 1995)
      1. General observations Africa south of the Sahara is probably the most vulnerable region when it comes to the impact and consequences of climate changes. Yet the African continent runs a serious risk of being marginalized ...

    • Climate vulnerability in Cuba: The role of social networks 

      Sygna, Linda (2005:01, Working paper, 2005)
      The case of Cuba offers a unique opportunity to investigate the dynamism of climate vulnerability. This paper takes a closer look at recent economic and social developments in Cuba, and how these affect patterns of ...

    • Climate Vulnerability in the Barents Sea Ecoregion: A Multi-Stressor Approach 

      O'Brien, Karen; Tompkins, Heather; Eriksen, Siri E H; Prestrud, Pål (2004:07, Research report, 2004)
      In this report, we examine how climate change impacts may intersect and interact with other stressors in the Barents Sea Ecoregion (BSEr). We investigate the vulnerability of the BSEr to both climate change and increased ...

    • Climate warming feedback from mountain birch forest expansion: Reduced albedo dominates carbon uptake 

      de Wit, Heleen; Bryn, Anders; Hofgaard, Annika; Karstensen, Jonas; Kvalevåg, Maria Malene; Peters, Glen Philip (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)
      Expanding high elevation and high latitude forest has contrasting climate feedbacks through carbon sequestration (cooling) and reduced surface reflectance (warming), which are yet poorly quantified. Here, we present an ...

    • Climate, air pollution and energy in Hungary 

      Seip, Hans Martin; Aunan, Kristin; Bándi, Gyula; Haugland, Torleif; Matlary, Janne Haaland; Szlávik, János; Tajthy, Edith; Tajthy, Tihamér; Aaheim, H. Asbjørn (1995:02, Research report, 1995)
      Within five to ten years, Hungary will have to design an overall environmental policy. In the meantime, Hungarian decision makers have an opportunity to make preparations in order to meet domestic as well as global ...

    • Climate, nature, land-use change and human rights 

      Tønnesen, Anders; Aamodt, Solveig; Bakkevoll, Sandra Elise; Reed, Eilif Ursin; Standal, Karina; Holmelin, Nina Bergan; Vindegg, Mikkel; van Oort, Bob Erik (2024:02, Research report, 2024)
      A transition to a low-carbon society is deeply needed, as a combined response to both the nature crisis and the climate crisis. To achieve a sustainable transition - built on inclusion, equity, and protection of nature and ...

    • Climate-driven chemistry and aerosol feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth system models 

      Thornhill, Gillian; Collins, William J.; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Archibald, Alexander T.; Bauer, Susanne E.; Checa-Garcia, Ramiro; Fiedler, Stephanie; Folberth, Gerd; Gjermundsen, Ada; Horowitz, Larry; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Michou, Martine; Mulcahy, Jane; Nabat, Pierre; Naik, Vaishali; M. O'Connor, Fiona; Paulot, Fabien; Schulz, Michael; Scott, Catherine E.; Séférian, Roland; Smith, Christopher J.; Takemura, Toshihiko; Tilmes, Simone; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Weber, James (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Feedbacks play a fundamental role in determining the magnitude of the response of the climate system to external forcing, such as from anthropogenic emissions. The latest generation of Earth system models includes aerosol ...

    • Climatic effects of NOx emissions through changes in tropospheric O3 and CH4: A global 3D model study 

      Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Isaksen, Ivar S. A.; Mao, Huiting; Liang, Xin-Zhong; Wang, Wei-Chyung (1997:03, Research report, 1997)
      As a result of chemical processes in the atmosphere, emissions of NOx can both damp and enhance the greenhouse effect. The two most important effects of NOx in this context are increased concentrations of tropospheric ozone ...

    • The Climatic Impact-Driver Framework for Assessment of Risk-Relevant Climate Information 

      Ruane, Alex C.; Vautard, Robert; Ranasinghe, Roshanka; Sillmann, Jana; Coppola, Erika; Arnell, Nigel; Cruz, Faye Abigail; Dessai, Suraje; Iles, Carley Elizabeth; Islam, A. K. M. Saiful; Jones, Richard G.; Rahimi, Mohammad; Carrascal, Daniel Ruiz; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Servonnat, Jérôme; Sörensson, Anna A.; Sylla, Mouhamadou Bamba; Tebaldi, Claudia; Wang, Wen; Zaaboul, Rashyd (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The climate science and applications communities need a broad and demand-driven concept to assess physical climate conditions that are relevant for impacts on human and natural systems. Here, we augment the description of ...

    • Cloudy-sky contributions to the direct aerosol effect 

      Myhre, Gunnar; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard; Mohr, Christian Wilhelm; Alterskjær, Kari; Balkanski, Yves; Bellouin, Nicolas; Chin, Mian; Haywood, James; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Kinne, Stefan; Lin, Guangxing; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Penner, Joyce E.; Schulz, Michael; Schutgens, Nick; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Stier, Philip; Takemura, Toshihiko; Zhang, Kai (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      The radiative forcing of the aerosol–radiation interaction can be decomposed into clear-sky and cloudy-sky portions. Two sets of multi-model simulations within Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom), ...

    • Co-benefits from CO2-emission reduction measures in Shanxi, China: A first assessment 

      Aunan, Kristin; Fang, Jinghua; Li, Guanghai; Seip, Hans Martin; Vennemo, Haakon (2000:07, Working paper, 2000)
      This paper analyses a set of CO2-reducing abatement options related to coal consumption in Shanxi, China. The costs and potential for abatement are investigated for different economic sectors, and the entailed emission ...

    • Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in Norway's international climate and forest initiative 

      Hermansen, Erlend Andre T.; McNeill, Desmond; Kasa, Sjur; Rajao, Raoni (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      This paper investigates non-governmental organisation (NGO) involvement in policy processes related to Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) comparing four countries: Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, and ...

    • CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy: atmospheric decay and contribution to global warming 

      Cherubini, Francesco; Peters, Glen Philip; Berntsen, Terje Koren; Strømman, Anders Hammer; Hertwich, Edgar G. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from biomass combustion are traditionally assumed climate neutral if the bioenergy system is carbon (C) flux neutral, i.e. the CO2 released from biofuel combustion approximately equals the ...

    • CO2-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: a critical review 

      Bright, Ryan M.; Lund, Marianne Tronstad (Journal article, 2021)
      Management of Earth’s surface albedo is increasingly viewed as an important climate change mitigation strategy both on (Seneviratne et al., 2018) and off (Field et al., 2018; Kravitz et al., 2018) the land. Assessing the ...

    • Coal transitions—part 2: phase-out dynamics in global long-term mitigation scenarios 

      Minx, Jan C; Hilaire, Jerome; Müller-Hansen, Finn; Nemet, Gregory; Diluiso, Francesca; Andrew, Robbie; Ayas, Ceren; Bauer, Nico; Bi, Stephen L; Clarke, Leon; Creutzig, Felix; Cui, Ryna Yiyun; Jotzo, Frank; Kalkuhl, Matthias; Lamb, William F; Löschel, Andreas; Manych, Niccolò; Meinshausen, Malte; Oei, Pao-Yu; Peters, Glen Philip; Sovacool, Benjamin; Steckel, Jan C; Thomas, Sebastian; Workman, Annabelle; Wiseman, John (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      A rapid phase-out of unabated coal use is essential to limit global warming to below 2 °C. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of coal transitions in mitigation scenarios consistent with the Paris Agreement, ...

    • Combined impacts of climate and air pollution on human health and agricultural productivity 

      Sillmann, Jana; Aunan, Kristin; Emberson, Lisa; Büker, Patrick; van Oort, Bob; O'Neill, Connie; Otero, Noelia; Pandey, Divya; Brisebois, Anouk (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Climate change and air pollution can interact to amplify risks to human health and crop production. This has significant implications for our ability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g. SDGs 2, 3, 13, 15) and ...

    • Combining Fleetwide AviTeam Aviation Emission Modeling with LCA Perspectives for an Alternative Fuel Impact Assessment 

      Klenner, Jan; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Muri, Helene Østlie; Strømman, Anders Hammer (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
      Reducing aviation emissions is important as they contribute to air pollution and climate change. Several alternative aviation fuels that may reduce life cycle emissions have been proposed. Comparative life cycle assessments ...